Influence of temperature on Betanodavirus infection in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

•Horizontal transmission of Betanodavirus in Senegalese sole has been demonstrated.•Subclinical infection can be established at 16°C for long periods of time.•After a temperature increase (above 18°C) subclinically infected fish develop VER. In this study Senegalese sole juveniles were experimentall...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary microbiology 2015-09, Vol.179 (3-4), p.162-167
Main Authors: Souto, Sandra, Olveira, Jose G., Bandín, Isabel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Betanodavirus
Disease Transmission, Infectious - veterinary
Fish Diseases - transmission
Fish Diseases - virology
Flatfishes - virology
Horizontal transmission
Nodaviridae - genetics
Nodaviridae - isolation & purification
Nodaviridae - pathogenicity
Nodaviridae - physiology
Reassortant
Reassortant Viruses
RNA Virus Infections - transmission
RNA Virus Infections - veterinary
RNA Virus Infections - virology
Senegalese sole
Temperature
Viral Load
Virulence
Virus Replication
Water temperature
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Summary:•Horizontal transmission of Betanodavirus in Senegalese sole has been demonstrated.•Subclinical infection can be established at 16°C for long periods of time.•After a temperature increase (above 18°C) subclinically infected fish develop VER. In this study Senegalese sole juveniles were experimentally infected with a reassortant Betanodavirus strain at three different temperatures: 22°C, 18°C and 16°C by bath challenge and cohabitation. The results obtained showed that virus virulence decreased by reducing the water temperature. At 22°C mortalities reached 100%, at 18°C they ranged from 75 to 80% and at 16°C only 8% of the fish died. In addition, horizontal transmission was demonstrated regardless of the rearing temperature. At 16°C active viral replication was detected up to 66 days post-infection, but no signs of the disease were observed and only a very low level of mortality was recorded. The increase in water temperature from 16 to 22°C caused a quick rise in the viral load and a subsequent outbreak of mortalities. These findings demonstrate that this reassortant Betanodavirus strain can cause a persistent infection in Senegalese sole at low temperatures (16°C) for long periods of time, and when temperature increases the virus is able to trigger an acute infection and provoke high mortalities.
ISSN:0378-1135
1873-2542
DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.004