Pixels vs. Paper: Comparing Online and Traditional Survey Methods in Sport Psychology

The purpose of this study was to compare participant responses to a questionnaire delivered via the Internet with data collected using a traditional paper and pencil format distributed via postal mail. Athletes ( N = 214, mean age 26.53 years) representing 18 sports from the New Zealand Academy of S...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of sport & exercise psychology 2006-03, Vol.28 (1), p.100-108
Main Authors: Lonsdale, Chris, Hodge, Ken, Rose, Elaine A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Burnout
Comparative studies
Internet
Questionnaires
Sports psychology
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Summary:The purpose of this study was to compare participant responses to a questionnaire delivered via the Internet with data collected using a traditional paper and pencil format distributed via postal mail. Athletes ( N = 214, mean age 26.53 years) representing 18 sports from the New Zealand Academy of Sport were randomly assigned into two groups and completed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke & Smith, 2001). There was a noticeable trend ( p = .07, two-tailed) toward a better response rate in the online group (57.07%) compared with the postal group (46.63%). Furthermore, online questionnaires were returned faster and contained fewer missing responses. A series of nested, multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated that there were no significant group differences in the factor structure or latent mean structures of the ABQ.
ISSN:0895-2779
1543-2904
DOI:10.1123/jsep.28.1.100