Characters in the book lungs of Scorpiones (Chelicerata, Arachnida) revealed by scanning electron microscopy

The fine structure of the book lungs in 29 species representing ten monophyletic taxa of the Scorpiones (Arachnida) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scorpion lungs are not homogeneous across the group. Here we describe and score three sets of phylogenetically informative ch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Zoomorphology 2005-05, Vol.124 (2), p.101-109
Main Authors: Kamenz, Carsten, Dunlop, Jason A, Scholtz, Gerhard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arachnida
Buthidae
Electron microscopes
Electron microscopy
Lamellae
Lungs
Phylogeny
Scanning electron microscopy
Scorpiones
Scorpionidae
Ultrastructure
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Summary:The fine structure of the book lungs in 29 species representing ten monophyletic taxa of the Scorpiones (Arachnida) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scorpion lungs are not homogeneous across the group. Here we describe and score three sets of phylogenetically informative characters: (1) the surface ornament of the lung lamellae, (2) the distal margins of the lamellae and (3) the fine structure of the spiracle margin. Provisional results suggest that reticulation on the surface of the lung lamellae is characteristic of the Buthidae. By contrast, non-buthid scorpions maintain the air space between adjacent lamellae using projecting trabeculae. Typically they are simple struts, but the trabeculae are distally branched in all investigated Scorpionidae, plus at least one species belonging to the Liochelidae. Simple thorns on the lamellar margins probably represent the plesiomorphic condition, while more complex, branched, arcuate morphologies appear to be homoplastic, occurring sporadically in numerous scorpion sub-groups. The tightly packed, hexagonal pillars around the posterior margin of the spiracle support a close relationship between Scorpionidae and Liochelidae, to the exclusion of the Urodacidae.
ISSN:0720-213X
1432-234X
DOI:10.1007/s00435-005-0115-1