Phloem restriction of viroids in three citrus hosts is overcome by grafting with Etrog citron: potential involvement of a translocatable factor

Viroid systemic spread involves cell-to-cell movement from initially infected cells via plasmodesmata, long-distance movement within the phloem and again cell-to-cell movement to invade distal tissues including the mesophyll. Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), hop stunt viroid, citrus bent leaf viroid,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of general virology 2015-08, Vol.96 (8), p.2405-2410
Main Authors: Bani-Hashemian, Seyed Mehdi, Pensabene-Bellavia, Giovanni, Duran-Vila, Nuria, Serra, Pedro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Breeding
Citrus - classification
Citrus - genetics
Citrus - metabolism
Citrus - virology
Host Specificity
Phloem - virology
Plant Diseases - genetics
Plant Diseases - virology
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Viroids - genetics
Viroids - isolation & purification
Viroids - physiology
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Summary:Viroid systemic spread involves cell-to-cell movement from initially infected cells via plasmodesmata, long-distance movement within the phloem and again cell-to-cell movement to invade distal tissues including the mesophyll. Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), hop stunt viroid, citrus bent leaf viroid, citrus dwarfing viroid, citrus bark cracking viroid and citrus viroid V remained phloem restricted when singly infecting Citrus karna, Citrus aurantium and Poncirus trifoliata, but not Etrog citron, where they were additionally detected in mesophyll protoplasts. However, when CEVd-infected C. karna was side-grafted with Etrog citron--with the resulting plants being composed of a C. karna stock and an Etrog citron branch--the viroid was detected in mesophyll protoplasts of the former, thus indicating that the ability of Etrog citron to support viroid invasion of non-vascular tissues was transferred to the stock. Further results suggest that a translocatable factor from Etrog citron mediates this viroid trafficking.
ISSN:0022-1317
1465-2099
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.000154