fetal human heart cardiac-inducing RNA (CIR) promotes the differentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes

• Published in: In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal 2015-08, Vol.51 (7), p.739-748
• Main Authors: Kochegarov, Andrei, Moses-Arms, Ashley, Lemanski, Larry F
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal Genetics and Genomics; Animals; Base Sequence; Biomedical and Life Sciences; caspases; Caudata; Cell Biology; Cell Culture; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell Differentiation - genetics; Cells, Cultured; Cloning, Molecular; computer analysis; contractile proteins; Developmental Biology; Embryonic Stem Cells - cytology; Embryonic Stem Cells - drug effects; Embryonic Stem Cells - physiology; Heart - embryology; Heart - physiology; Humans; immunohistochemistry; Life Sciences; Mice; Microscopy, Confocal; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Myocytes, Cardiac - cytology; myofibrils; Organ Culture Techniques; Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology; Pluripotent Stem Cells - drug effects; Pluripotent Stem Cells - physiology; RNA; RNA - chemistry; RNA - genetics; RNA - pharmacology; salamanders and newts; STEM CELLS; tropomyosins; troponin T; Urodela - genetics
• ISSN: 1071-2690; 1543-706X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9880-4

A specific human fetal heart RNA has been discovered, which has the ability to induce myocardial cell formation from mouse embryonic and human-induced pluripotent stem cells in culture. In this study, commercially obtained RNA from human fetal heart was cloned, sequenced, and synthesized using standard laboratory approaches. Molecular analyses of the specific fetal cardiac-inducing RNA (CIR), revealed that it is a fragment of N-sulfoglucosaminesulfohydrolase and the caspase recruitment domain family member 14 precursor. Stem cells transfected with CIRs often form into spindle-shaped cells characteristic of cardiomyocytes,and express the cardiac-specific contractile protein marker, troponin-T, in addition to tropomyosin and α-actinin as detected by immunohistochemical staining. Expression of these contractile proteins showed organization into sarcomeric myofibrils characteristic of striated cardiac muscle cells. Computer analyses of the RNA secondary structures of the active CIR show significant similarities to a RNA from salamander or myofibril-inducing RNA (MIR), which also promotes non-muscle cells to differentiate into cardiac muscle. Thus, these two RNAs, salamander MIR and the newly discovered human-cloned CIR reported here, appear to have evolutionarily conserved secondary structures suggesting that both play major roles in vertebrate heart development and, particularly, in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes from non-muscle cells during development.