Ionic Currents Underlying Difference in Light Response Between Type A and Type B Photoreceptors

• Published in: Journal of neurophysiology 2006-05, Vol.95 (5), p.3060-3072
• Main Author: Blackwell, K. T
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Action Potentials - physiology; Animals; Axons - physiology; Computer Simulation; Dendrites - physiology; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Electric Stimulation - methods; Hermissenda - physiology; Hermissenda crassicornis; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels - classification; Ion Channels - physiology; Ion Channels - radiation effects; Light; Membrane Potentials - physiology; Models, Neurological; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate - cytology; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate - physiology; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate - radiation effects; Potassium Channels - physiology; Sodium Channels - physiology; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0022-3077; 1522-1598
• DOI: 10.1152/jn.00780.2005

School of Computational Sciences and The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia Submitted 22 July 2005; accepted in final form 30 December 2005 In Hermissenda crassicornis , the memory of light associated with turbulence is stored as changes in intrinsic and synaptic currents in both type A and type B photoreceptors. These photoreceptor types exhibit qualitatively different responses to light and current injection, and these differences shape the spatiotemporal firing patterns that control behavior. Thus the objective of the study was to identify the mechanisms underlying these differences. The approach was to develop a type B model that reproduced characteristics of type B photoreceptors recorded in vitro, and then to create a type A model by modifying a select number of ionic currents. Comparison of type A models with characteristics of type A photoreceptors recorded in vitro revealed that type A and type B photoreceptors have five main differences, three that have been characterized experimentally and two that constitute hypotheses to be tested with experiments in the future. The three differences between type A and type B photoreceptors previously characterized include the inward rectifier current, the fast sodium current, and conductance of calcium-dependent and transient potassium channels. Two additional changes were required to produce a type A photoreceptor model. The very fast firing frequency observed during the first second after light onset required a faster time constant of activation of the delayed rectifier. The fast spike adaptation required a fast, noninactivating calcium-dependent potassium current. Because these differences between type A and type B photoreceptors have not been confirmed in comparative experiments, they constitute hypotheses to be tested with future experiments. Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: K. T. Blackwell, School of Computational Sciences, and The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, MS 2A1, Fairfax, VA 22030 (E-mail: avrama{at}gmu.edu )