Effects of Ammonium Dinitramide on Preimplantation Embryos in Sprague-Dawley RATS

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a class 1.1 oxidizer that may be used in rocket propellants and explosives. Previous studies have shown that ADN is a female reproductive toxicant, causing implantation failure in Sprague–Dawley rats when it is administered during the preimplantation period of gestation...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology and industrial health 1998-11, Vol.14 (6), p.789-798
Main Authors: Graeter, Linda J., Wolfe, Robin E., Kinkead, Edwin R., Flemming, Carlyle D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Administration, Oral
Animals
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Embryo Implantation - drug effects
Embryonic and Fetal Development - drug effects
Female
Hazardous Substances - administration & dosage
Hazardous Substances - toxicity
Male
Nitrites - administration & dosage
Nitrites - toxicity
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - administration & dosage
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - toxicity
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Summary:Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a class 1.1 oxidizer that may be used in rocket propellants and explosives. Previous studies have shown that ADN is a female reproductive toxicant, causing implantation failure in Sprague–Dawley rats when it is administered during the preimplantation period of gestation. The purpose of this follow-up study was to identify the mechanism(s) associated with implantation failure following exposure to ADN. Mated female rats were treated with 2.0 grams per liter (g l-1) ADN in their drinking water for 24, 48, 72, or 96 h before preimplantation embryos were harvested from the oviducts or uterine horns. On gestation day 1 (GD-1), comparable numbers of morphologically normal two-cell embryos were harvested from the oviducts of the treatment and control groups. On GD-2, the development of the embryos harvested from the treated animals was either slowed or halted when compared to the control embryos. By GD-4, 98% of the embryos harvested from the control group had developed to the morula or blastocyst stage; these were collected from the uterine horns. On GD-4 in the treated group, 41% of the harvested embryos remained at the two- to six-cell stage and 59% were degenerate; 82% of these embryos were collected from the oviducts. These data suggest that the implantation failure seen in animals treated with ADN is due to embryolethality.
ISSN:0748-2337
1477-0393
DOI:10.1177/074823379801400602