Imaging human brain networks to improve the clinical efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation

The flexible integration of segregated neural processes is essential to healthy brain function. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have revealed that psychiatric and neurological disorders are characterized by anomalies in the dynamic integration of widespread neural populations. Re-establishing op...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2015-10, Vol.57, p.187-198
Main Authors: Sale, Martin V, Mattingley, Jason B, Zalesky, Andrew, Cocchi, Luca
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brain Diseases - physiopathology
Brain Diseases - therapy
Humans
Mental Disorders - physiopathology
Mental Disorders - therapy
Nerve Net - physiopathology
Neuroimaging - methods
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - methods
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods
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Summary:The flexible integration of segregated neural processes is essential to healthy brain function. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have revealed that psychiatric and neurological disorders are characterized by anomalies in the dynamic integration of widespread neural populations. Re-establishing optimal neural activity is an important component of the treatment of such disorders. Non-invasive brain stimulation is emerging as a viable tool to selectively restore both local and widespread neural activity in patients affected by psychiatric and neurological disorders. Importantly, the different forms of non-invasive brain stimulation affect neural activity in distinct ways, which has important ramifications for their clinical efficacy. In this review, we discuss how non-invasive brain stimulation techniques influence widespread neural integration across brain regions. We suggest that the efficacy of such techniques in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological conditions is contingent on applying the appropriate stimulation paradigm to restore specific aspects of altered neural integration.
ISSN:0149-7634
1873-7528
DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.010