Isomer-specific comparisons of the hydrolysis of synthetic pyrethroids and their fluorogenic analogues by esterases from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

• Published in: Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 2015-06, Vol.121, p.102-106
• Main Authors: Yuan, G., Li, Y., Farnsworth, C.A., Coppin, C.W., Devonshire, A.L., Scott, C., Russell, R.J., Wu, Y., Oakeshott, J.G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Line; Esterases; Esterases - genetics; Esterases - metabolism; Fluorogenic analogues; Helicoverpa; Helicoverpa armigera; Hydrolysis; Insecticides - chemistry; Insecticides - pharmacology; Isomerism; Larva - drug effects; Larva - enzymology; Moths - drug effects; Moths - enzymology; Pyrethrins - chemistry; Pyrethrins - pharmacology; Pyrethroids
• ISSN: 0048-3575; 1095-9939
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.010

•Assays of 22 Helicoverpa esterases against nine synthetic pyrethroid (SP) isomers and fluorogenic analogues.•Good correlation (r = 0.7) between isomer and analogue activities.•Some relationship between activities against different isomers and their insecticidal potency.•Three enzymes from an SP resistant strain are not more active than their allozymes from a susceptible strain. The low aqueous solubility and chiral complexity of synthetic pyrethroids, together with large differences between isomers in their insecticidal potency, have hindered the development of meaningful assays of their metabolism and metabolic resistance to them. To overcome these problems, Shan and Hammock (2001) [7] therefore developed fluorogenic and more water-soluble analogues of all the individual isomers of the commonly used Type 2 pyrethroids, cypermethrin and fenvalerate. The analogues have now been used in several studies of esterase-based metabolism and metabolic resistance. Here we test the validity of these analogues by quantitatively comparing their hydrolysis by a battery of 22 heterologously expressed insect esterases with the hydrolysis of the corresponding pyrethroid isomers by these esterases in an HPLC assay recently developed by Teese et al. (2013) [14]. We find a strong, albeit not complete, correlation (r = 0.7) between rates for the two sets of substrates. The three most potent isomers tested were all relatively slowly degraded in both sets of data but three esterases previously associated with pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera did not show higher activities for these isomers than did allelic enzymes derived from susceptible H. armigera. Given their amenability to continuous assays at low substrate concentrations in microplate format, and ready detection of product, we endorse the ongoing utility of the analogues in many metabolic studies of pyrethroids.