Eupalitin induces apoptosis in prostate carcinoma cells through ROS generation and increase of caspase-3 activity

• Published in: Cell biology international 2016-02, Vol.40 (2), p.196-203
• Main Authors: Kaleem, Sarjeel, Siddiqui, Sahabjada, Siddiqui, Hefazat Hussain, Badruddeen, , Hussain, Arshad, Arshad, Mohammad, Akhtar, Juber, Rizvi, Aleza
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Caspase 3 - metabolism; caspase-3; Cell cycle; Cell Cycle - drug effects; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; cell viability; eupalitin; Flavonoids - pharmacology; G1 Phase - drug effects; Humans; Male; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial - drug effects; PC3 cell; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - drug therapy; Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism; reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Reproductive system; S Phase - drug effects
• ISSN: 1065-6995; 1095-8355
• DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10552

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in the human reproductive system. Eupalitin is one of the O‐methylated flavonol‐exhibited enhanced cancer chemopreventive agents. The current study highlights the structural determination of eupalitin and aims to explore the antitumor activity of eupalitin in human prostate cancer cell (PC3) and its underlying mechanism. Eupalitin structure was determined by using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. PC3 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of eupalitin, followed by analysis of the cell viability with an MTT assay. The results demonstrated that eupalitin markedly inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The results from fluorescent microscopic analysis of nuclear condensation and intracellular ROS generation determined that eupalitin significantly induced ROS level lead to nuclear apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that eupalitin‐induced cell cycle progression as a percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase decreased whereas S phase increased. Caspase‐3 immunofluorescence analysis confirms the efficacy of eupalitin‐inducing apoptotic pathway and cell death. Thus, our study is helpful in understanding the mechanism underlying these effects in prostate cancer and it may provide novel molecular targets for prostate cancer therapy.