No change in neuropsychological dysfunction or emotional processing during treatment of major depression with cognitive–behaviour therapy or schema therapy

• Published in: Psychological medicine 2016-01, Vol.46 (2), p.393-404
• Main Authors: Porter, R. J., Bourke, C., Carter, J. D., Douglas, K. M., McIntosh, V. V. W., Jordan, J., Joyce, P. R., Frampton, C. M. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Behavior; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Cognitive ability; Cognitive aspects; Cognitive behavioral therapy; Cognitive functioning; Cognitive Therapy; Cognitive-behavioral factors; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology; Depressive Disorder, Major - therapy; Drugs; Dysfunction; Emotion recognition; Emotional disorders; Emotions; Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Medical diagnosis; Mental depression; Middle Aged; Mood; Neuropsychological functioning; Neuropsychological impairment; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Normalization; Original Articles; Patients; Psychotherapy; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0033-2917; 1469-8978
• DOI: 10.1017/S0033291715001907

Impaired neuropsychological functioning is a feature of major depression. Previous studies have suggested that at least some aspects of neuropsychological functioning improve with successful treatment of major depression. The extent to which medications may affect the degree of normalization of these functions is unclear. The aim of the current study was to examine the course of neuropsychological functioning during treatment of major depression with cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) or schema therapy (ST). A total of 69 out-patients with a primary diagnosis of major depression and 58 healthy controls completed mood ratings, neuropsychological measures, and measures of emotional processing at baseline and after 16 weeks. Participants were randomized after baseline assessment to a year-long course of CBT or ST. Patients reassessed at 16 weeks were medication-free throughout the study. Significant neuropsychological impairment was evident at baseline in depressed participants compared with healthy controls. After 16 weeks of psychotherapy, mean depression rating scores fell more than 50%. However, no neuropsychological measures showed convincing evidence of significant improvement and emotional processing did not change. Persisting impairment in neuropsychological functioning after the first 16 weeks of CBT or ST suggests a need to modify psychological treatments to include components targeting cognitive functioning.