Hierarchical Carbide-Derived Carbon Foams with Advanced Mesostructure as a Versatile Electrochemical Energy-Storage Material

• Published in: Advanced energy materials 2014-01, Vol.4 (2), p.np-n/a
• Main Authors: Oschatz, Martin, Borchardt, Lars, Pinkert, Katja, Thieme, Sören, Lohe, Martin R., Hoffmann, Claudia, Benusch, Matthias, Wisser, Florian M., Ziegler, Christoph, Giebeler, Lars, Rümmeli, Mark H., Eckert, Jürgen, Eychmüller, Alexander, Kaskel, Stefan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Capacitors; carbide-derived carbons; Carbon; electrochemical double-layer capacitors; Electrode materials; Energy storage; Foams; Lithium sulfur batteries; mesocellular siliceous foams; nanocasting; Nanostructure; Specific surface
• ISSN: 1614-6832; 1614-6840
• DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201300645

Highly porous carbide‐derived carbon (CDC) mesofoams (DUT‐70) are prepared by nanocasting of mesocellular silica foams with a polycarbosilane precursor. Ceramic conversion followed by silica removal and high‐temperature chlorine treatment yields CDCs with a hierarchical micro‐mesopore arrangement. This new type of polymer‐based CDC is characterized by specific surface areas as high as 2700 m2 g−1, coupled with ultrahigh micro‐ and mesopore volumes up to 2.6 cm3 g−1. The relationship between synthesis conditions and the properties of the resulting carbon materials is described in detail, allowing precise control of the properties of DUT‐70. Since the hierarchical pore system ensures both efficient mass transfer and high capacities, the novel CDC shows outstanding performance as an electrode material in electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) with specific capacities above 240 F g−1 when measured in a symmetrical two‐electrode configuration. Remarkable capacities of 175 F g−1 can be retained even at high current densities of 20 A g−1 as a result of the enhanced ion‐transport pathways provided by the cellular mesostructure. Moreover, DUT‐70 can be infiltrated with sulfur and host the active material in lithium–sulfur battery cathodes. Reversible capacities of 790 mAh g−1 are achieved at a current rate of C/10 after 100 cycles, which renders DUT‐70 an ideal support material for electrochemical energy‐storage applications. Hierarchical carbide‐derived carbon (CDC) mesofoams (DUT‐70) with extremely high specific surface areas and nanopore volumes are presented. DUT‐70 shows outstanding specific capacities as electrode materials in electrochemical double‐layer capacitors and as sulfur host in lithium–sulfur battery cathodes. This CDC is an advanced material for electrochemical energy storage, combining high capacities with efficient mass‐transfer behavior.