Inorganic hemostats: The state-of-the-art and recent advances

Hemorrhage is the most common cause of death both in hospitals and on the battlefield. The need for an effective hemostatic agent remains, since all injuries are not amenable to tourniquet use. There are many topical hemostatic agents and dressings available to control severe bleeding. This article...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials Science & Engineering C 2016-01, Vol.58, p.1255-1268
Main Authors: Pourshahrestani, Sara, Zeimaran, Ehsan, Djordjevic, Ivan, Kadri, Nahrizul Adib, Towler, Mark R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bandages
Biomedical materials
Disease Models, Animal
Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage - therapy
Hemostasis
Hemostatics
Hospitals
Humans
In vitro testing
Injuries
Inorganic hemostat
Kaolin
Materials science
Silicates
Smectite
State of the art
Surgical implants
Zeolite
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Summary:Hemorrhage is the most common cause of death both in hospitals and on the battlefield. The need for an effective hemostatic agent remains, since all injuries are not amenable to tourniquet use. There are many topical hemostatic agents and dressings available to control severe bleeding. This article reviews the most commonly used inorganic hemostats, subcategorized as zeolite and clay-based hemostats. Their hemostatic functions as well as their structural properties that are believed to induce hemostasis are discussed. The most important findings from in vitro and in vivo experiments are also covered. •A review of hemostatic function of inorganic hemostats including zeolite and clay-based materials•The mechanism of action of the hemostats is discussed.•Clay based materials have been shown to be more efficient for stoppage of blood flow compared to zeolite based hemostats.•Future methods of improving the hemostatic efficacy of hemostats are postulated.
ISSN:0928-4931
1873-0191
DOI:10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.008