Association between the aldehyde dehydrogenase 22 allele and smoking-related chronic airway obstruction in a Japanese general population: A pilot study

• Published in: Toxicology letters 2015-07, Vol.236 (2), p.117-122
• Main Authors: Morita, Kazunori, Masuda, Natsuki, Oniki, Kentaro, Saruwatari, Junji, Kajiwara, Ayami, Otake, Koji, Ogata, Yasuhiro, Nakagawa, Kazuko
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Airways; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase - genetics; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase - metabolism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Aldehydes; Alleles; Asian Continental Ancestry Group - genetics; Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cigarettes; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genetic association study; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Japan; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal study; Male; Mathematical models; Middle Aged; Obstructions; Pilot Projects; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - genetics; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Smoke; Smoking; Smoking - adverse effects
• ISSN: 0378-4274; 1879-3169
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.05.007

•Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) may protect airways against cigarette smoke injury.•ALDH2*2 allele and ever smoking affected airway obstruction in a dose-dependent manner.•Pack-years smoking was a predictor of airway obstruction only in *2 allele carriers.•*2 allele is associated with the incidence of smoking-related airway obstruction.•Combined effect of smoking and *2 allele was prominent in the asthmatic subjects. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) detoxifies exogenous and endogenous toxic aldehydes; however, its protective effect against cigarette smoke in airways is unknown. We therefore examined whether the inactive ALDH2*2 allele is associated with smoking-related chronic airway obstruction. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 684 Japanese participants in a health screening program, and a retrospective longitudinal study in the elderly subgroup. The risks of airway obstruction in the ever-smokers with the ALDH2*1/*2 and *2/*2 genotypes were two and three times higher, respectively, than in the never-smokers with the ALDH2*1/*1 genotype. Moreover, the combined effect of smoking and the ALDH2*2 allele was prominent in the asthmatic subjects. In a longitudinal association analysis, the combination of the ALDH2 genotype and pack-years of smoking synergistically increased the risk of airway obstruction. The number of pack-years of smoking at baseline was identified to be a significant predictor of airway obstruction only in the ALDH2*2 allele carriers. In addition, the ALDH2*2 allele was also associated with the incidence of smoking-related airway obstruction, in the Cox proportional hazards model. This pilot study demonstrated for the first time a significant gene–environment interaction between the ALDH2*2 allele and cumulative exposure to cigarette smoke on the risk of airway obstruction.