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Impact of biological clogging agents on filter and emitter discharge characteristics of microirrigation systems
Water application efficiency of microirrigation systems (MIS) may depend, at least partially, on algae and protozoa (biological clogging agents, BCAs) induced filter and emitter clogging. In this study we assessed the impact of BCA‐induced changes on water discharge rate and distribution uniformity...
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Published in: | Irrigation and drainage 2004-12, Vol.53 (4), p.363-373 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Water application efficiency of microirrigation systems (MIS) may depend, at least partially, on algae and protozoa (biological clogging agents, BCAs) induced filter and emitter clogging. In this study we assessed the impact of BCA‐induced changes on water discharge rate and distribution uniformity from (i) emitters with different water flow cross‐section (CS) area, pressure compensation (PC) systems, and inbuilt filtration areas (FAs), and (ii) filters either made of urethane, sand, or disk in the Tohaku irrigation project in Japan. In a field experiment, four types of on‐line emitters on each of four laterals and four types of in‐line emitters on each of another four laterals were assessed for BCA‐induced emitter discharge performance without using filters in the field irrigation line. The emitters' discharge rate increased with increasing CS, FA, and working pressure (WP) and decreased when the emitters were on‐line in the laterals and with increasing BCA counts. Because BCAs are the only dynamic variable in the above relationship, we conclude that BCA‐induced clogging is a major issue when filters were not installed in field irrigation lines. The filter performance assessment based on the number of backwashings required to restore the working pressure to the recommended level indicated that BCA filtering by the sand filter was highest, followed by disk and urethane, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
L'efficience d'application de l'eau dans un système de micro‐irrigation (MIS) dépend partiellement de l'effet induit par la présence d'algues et de protozoaires (agents biologiques de colmatage, BCA) sur le filtre et le colmatage des goutteurs. Dans cette étude, on a analysé l'impact de l'action induite par les BCA sur le débit de l'eau et son uniformité de distribution à partir de (i) goutteurs de différents calibres (CS), de systèmes de compensation de pression (PC), de structures de filtration (FA), et (ii) de filtres d'uréthane, filtres à sable ou de filtres manuels à disque dans le cadre du projet d'irrigation de Tohaku au Japon. Dans cet essai au champ, l'effet induit des BCA sur la performance des goutteurs sans utilisation de filtres a été testée sur 4 types de goutteurs intégrés montés sur 4 rampes latérales et sur 4 types de goutteurs rapportés montés sur 4 autres rampes latérales. La performance des goutteurs augmente avec l'utilisation d'un nombre croissant de CS, FA, et WP et diminue avec l'utilisation de goutteurs rapporté |
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ISSN: | 1531-0353 1531-0361 |
DOI: | 10.1002/ird.137 |