Smoking and alcohol behaviours in people following hip and knee arthroplasty: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

• Published in: Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research surgery & research, 2016-04, Vol.102 (2), p.239-245
• Main Authors: Smith, T.O, Penny, F, Fleetcroft, R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Case-Control Studies; Complication; Female; Humans; Joint replacement; Male; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Orthopedics; Osteoarthritis - surgery; Postoperative Period; Preoperative Period; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Smoking; Smoking - epidemiology; Surgery
• ISSN: 1877-0568; 1877-0568
• DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.12.005

Abstract Background Smoking and alcohol consumption has a negative effect on overall health. Limited evidence has been presented as to how these health behaviours may change between pre- and postoperative intervals in the initial 12 months post-arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to address this uncertainty. Hypothesis Smoking and alcohol consumption differs between pre- and post-THA/TKA and it differs between non-arthroplasty cohorts. Materials and methods Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a population-based observational study in the USA, were gathered. In total, data from 287 people who had undergone THA or TKA from baseline to month 48 OAI follow-up assessments were analysed. Data on this cohort were compared to 287 age- and gender-matched people with osteoarthritis. Mean change from pre- to post-arthroplasty, and differences between arthroplasty and non-arthroplasty participants for smoking and alcohol consumption were assessed descriptively and through Wilcoxin-matched pairs test and Student t -tests (as appropriate). Results The lifetime prevalence of smoking was high for people who received THA (99%) and TKA (96%). Prevalence of current smoking significantly decreased from 5 to 3% across the THA and TKA cohort in the initial 12 months post-arthroplasty ( P < 0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant decrease in weekly alcohol consumption post-arthroplasty for people who underwent THA and TKA ( P < 0.01), although the mean difference was only by 0.9 alcoholic drinks. The only statistically significant difference in smoking and alcohol consumption for arthroplasty to non-arthroplasty participants was in weekly alcohol consumption, which was higher by 0.3 drinks in the non-arthroplasty cohort ( P = 0.04). Conclusions Smoking and alcohol consumption decreased in the initial 12 months post-THA and TKA. This was not significantly different to an age- and gender-matched non-arthroplasty cohort. Whilst this is positive, a small group of patients still present with unhealthy lifestyle choices in relation to these behaviours post-arthroplasty. Level of evidence Level III – prospective case control study.