Hollow and Yolk-Shell Iron Oxide Nanostructures on Few-Layer Graphene in Li-Ion Batteries

We report a simple and template‐free strategy for the synthesis of hollow and yolk‐shell iron oxide (FeOx) nanostructures sandwiched between few‐layer graphene (FLG) sheets. The morphology and microstructure of this material are characterized in detail by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption near‐edg...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemistry : a European journal 2014-02, Vol.20 (7), p.2022-2030
Main Authors: Sun, Zhenyu, Xie, Kunpeng, Li, Zi An, Sinev, Ilja, Ebbinghaus, Petra, Erbe, Andreas, Farle, Michael, Schuhmann, Wolfgang, Muhler, Martin, Ventosa, Edgar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon
Chemistry
Electrodes
Graphene
iron oxide
Iron oxides
lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
Nanostructure
nanostructures
Rechargeable batteries
Spectrum analysis
X-ray diffraction
X-rays
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Summary:We report a simple and template‐free strategy for the synthesis of hollow and yolk‐shell iron oxide (FeOx) nanostructures sandwiched between few‐layer graphene (FLG) sheets. The morphology and microstructure of this material are characterized in detail by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Its properties are evaluated as negative electrode material for Li‐ion batteries and compared with those of solid FeOx/FLG and two commercial iron oxides. In all cases, the content of carbon in the electrode has a great influence on the performance. The use of pristine FLG improves the capacity retention and further enhancement is achieved with the hollow structure. For a low carbon loading of 18 wt. %, the presence of metallic iron in the hollow and yolk‐shell FeOx/FLG composite significantly enhances the capacity retention, albeit with a relatively lower initial reversible capacity, retaining above 97 % after 120 cycles at 1000 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 0.1–3.0 V. Running on empty: Hollow and yolk‐shell iron oxide nanostructures supported on few‐layer graphene (FLG) were found to be beneficial for the cycling stability in lithium‐ion batteries, especially for electrodes with low carbon content (see figure). Further improvement of capacity retention upon cycling was achieved for composites with a hollow structure, obtaining retention values above 97 % after 120 cycles at 1000 mA g−1.
ISSN:0947-6539
1521-3765
DOI:10.1002/chem.201303723