Effect of environmental factors and Sclerotium cepivorum isolate on sclerotial degradation and biological control of white rot by Trichoderma

• Published in: Plant pathology 2004-06, Vol.53 (3), p.353-362
• Main Authors: Clarkson, J.P, Mead, A, Payne, T, Whipps, J.M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Allium cepa; Biological and medical sciences; biological control; biological control agents; environmental factors; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; fungal antagonists; Hypocrea pseudokoningii; Hypocrea rufa; onion; onions; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; sclerotia; Sclerotium cepivorum; soil; soil temperature; soil types; soil water potential; temperature; Trichoderma spp; Trichoderma viride; water potential; white-rot fungi
• ISSN: 0032-0862; 1365-3059
• DOI: 10.1111/j.0032-0862.2004.01013.x

Laboratory assays demonstrated that two isolates of Trichoderma viride and one isolate of Trichoderma pseudokoningii degraded up to 80% of sclerotia of four isolates of Sclerotium cepivorum in a silty clay soil, and also degraded up to 60% of sclerotia in three other soil types. Relationships were defined between the degree of sclerotial degradation by the two T. viride isolates in the silty clay soil and both temperature and soil water potential. Sclerotia were degraded between 10 and 25°C at −0·00012 MPa, but there was little activity of T. viride at 5°C or at −4 MPa. Degradation of S. cepivorum sclerotia also occurred in the absence of Trichoderma at soil water potentials approaching saturation. Experiments using onion seedling bioassays showed that the efficacy of Trichoderma isolates for the control of white rot using the same selection of soils and S. cepivorum isolates was variable, but that there was significant disease control overall. The importance of environmental factors and pathogen isolate in relation to effective biological control of white rot is discussed.