Alveolar process fractures in the permanent dentition. Part 2. The risk of healing complications in teeth involved in an alveolar process fracture

• Published in: Dental traumatology 2016-04, Vol.32 (2), p.128-139
• Main Authors: Lauridsen, Eva, Gerds, Thomas, Ove Andreasen, Jens
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Alveolar Bone Loss - etiology; Alveolar Process - injuries; alveolar process fracture; clinical study; Dental Pulp Necrosis - etiology; dental trauma; Dentistry; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Occlusal Splints; pulp necrosis; Risk Factors; root resorption; Root Resorption - etiology; Tooth Ankylosis - etiology; Tooth Fractures - etiology; Tooth Injuries - complications; Tooth Injuries - therapy; tooth loss; Tooth Loss - etiology; Tooth Mobility - etiology; Wound Healing
• ISSN: 1600-4469; 1600-9657
• DOI: 10.1111/edt.12229

Aim To analyze the risk of pulp canal obliteration (PCO), pulp necrosis (PN), repair‐related resorption (RRR), infection‐related resorption (IRR), ankylosis‐related resorption (ARR), marginal bone loss (MBL), and tooth loss (TL) for teeth involved in an alveolar process fracture and to identify possible risk factors. Material and method A total of 91 patients with 223 traumatized teeth. Statistics The risks of PCO, PN, RRR, IRR, ARR, MBL, and TL were analyzed separately for teeth with immature and mature root development using Kaplan–Meier and Aalen–Johansen methods. Possible risk factors for PN (age, fracture in relation to apex, displacement, gingival injury, degree of repositioning, type of splint, duration of splinting, treatment delay, and antibiotics) were analyzed for mature teeth using Cox regression. The level of significance was 5%. Results Immature: No severe complications (PN, IRR, ARR, MBL, or TL) were diagnosed during follow up. Mature: Estimated risk after a 10‐year follow up: PN: 56% (95% confidence interval (CI): 48.1–63.9), IRR: 2.5% (95% CI: 0–5.1), ARR: 2.1% (95% CI: 0.1–4.1), MBL: 2.4% (95% CI: 0.3–4.4), and TL: 7.8% (95% CI: 0–15.7). The following factors significantly increased the risk of PN in teeth with mature root development: fracture in relation to apex (hazard ratio (HR): 2.6 (95% CI: 0.2 – 5.7), P = 0.01), displacement in the horizontal part of the fracture >2 mm (HR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–3.2, P = 0.03), incomplete repositioning (HR: 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3–3.5), P = 0.003), and age >30 years (HR: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1–4.6), P = 0.02). The type of splint (rigid or flexible), the duration of splinting (more or less than 4 weeks), and the administration of antibiotics did not affect the risk of PN. Conclusion Teeth involved in alveolar process fractures appear, apart from PN, to have a good prognosis. A conservative treatment approach is recommended.