Systemic lupus erythematosus patients with past neuropsychiatric involvement are associated with worse cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study

Longitudinal studies on cognitive impairment in patients with past history of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) are scant. In this study, NPSLE patients and matched disease and healthy controls were examined with a full battery of neuropsychological tests that covered eight cognitive domains at two tim...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Lupus 2016-05, Vol.25 (6), p.637-644
Main Authors: Gao, Y, Lau, E Y Y, Wan, J H Y, Lau, C S, Mok, M Y
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Anxiety
Anxiety - epidemiology
Anxiety - etiology
Attention
Case-Control Studies
Cognition
Cognition Disorders - epidemiology
Cognition Disorders - etiology
Cognitive ability
Female
Humans
Learning
Learning Disorders - epidemiology
Learning Disorders - etiology
Longitudinal Studies
Lupus
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications
Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System - complications
Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System - epidemiology
Male
Memory
Memory Disorders - epidemiology
Memory Disorders - etiology
Mental depression
Middle Aged
Neurological complications
Neuropsychological Tests
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Summary:Longitudinal studies on cognitive impairment in patients with past history of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) are scant. In this study, NPSLE patients and matched disease and healthy controls were examined with a full battery of neuropsychological tests that covered eight cognitive domains at two time-points 12 months apart. Confounders, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Eighteen NPSLE, 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had no previous cerebral involvement (non-NPSLE) and 16 healthy subjects were recruited. NPSLE patients consistently reported more cognitive and anxiety symptoms than non-NPSLE patients over both time-points. NPSLE patients had significantly worse memory, simple and complex attention compared to non-NPSLE patients, among which memory remained significantly impaired after adjustment for confounders. NPSLE patients demonstrated a trend of higher raw scores of some neurocognitive tests upon re-evaluation over 12 months, but NPSLE patients did not demonstrate any practice effect. In conclusion, NPSLE patients had significantly worse and persistently impaired memory and learning deficits compared to non-NPSLE patients over the 12-month re-assessment period.
ISSN:0961-2033
1477-0962
DOI:10.1177/0961203315624022