Protective antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from Buddleja perfoliata and Pelargonium graveolens against fungi isolated from stored grains

• Published in: Journal of applied microbiology 2016-05, Vol.120 (5), p.1264-1270
• Main Authors: Juárez, Z.N., Bach, H., Sánchez‐Arreola, E., Hernández, L.R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: antifungal activity; Buddleja; Buddleja - chemistry; Buddleja perfoliata; Decapoda; Edible Grain - microbiology; Environmental impact; essential oils; Fungi - drug effects; Fungi - growth & development; Fungicides, Industrial - chemistry; Fungicides, Industrial - isolation & purification; Fungicides, Industrial - pharmacology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Grain; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiology; Oils & fats; Oils, Volatile - chemistry; Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification; Oils, Volatile - pharmacology; Pelargonium - chemistry; Pelargonium graveolens; Pesticides; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Oils - chemistry; Plant Oils - isolation & purification; Plant Oils - pharmacology; postharvest pathogens; toxicity
• ISSN: 1364-5072; 1365-2672
• DOI: 10.1111/jam.13092

Aims The chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from Buddleja perfoliata and Pelargonium graveolens were analysed to assess their efficacy as a potential alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides to protect stored grain. Methods and Results Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, while GC–MS were used to characterize the components of theses oils. The main components identified from the essential oil of B. perfoliata were cubenol, eudesmol, germacrene D‐4‐ol and cis‐verbenol; whereas (−)‐aristolene, β‐citronellol and geraniol, were identified in P. graveolens. These essential oils were tested against a panel of fungal strains isolated from stored grains. Toxicity of the essential oils was assessed using two models represented by human‐derived macrophages and the brine shrimp assay. Moreover, inflammatory response of the oils was assessed by measuring secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α using a human‐derived macrophage cell line. Results show potent antifungal activity against a collection of fungi, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0·3 to 50 μg ml−1 for both plants. A moderated cytotoxicity was observed, but no inflammatory responses. Conclusions These oils can be used as an alternative for synthetic chemical fungicides used to protect stored grains. Significance and Impact of the Study Synthetic chemical fungicides are used to protect stored grains, but their broad use raises concerns about effects on the environment and human health. The impact of the present report is that the use of essential oils is an eco‐friendly alternative for fungal control in postharvest grains with a low impact to the environment.