Porous CuO nanowires as the anode of rechargeable Na-ion batteries

• Published in: Nano research 2014-02, Vol.7 (2), p.199-208
• Main Authors: Wang, Lijiang, Zhang, Kai, Hu, Zhe, Duan, Wenchao, Cheng, Fangyi, Chen, Jun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ANODES; Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra; BATTERIES; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Charge; Chemistry and Materials Science; Condensed Matter Physics; Copper; COPPER OXIDE; CUPRIC OXIDE; CUPROUS OXIDE; Decomposition; Discharge; Electric batteries; Electrochemistry; Electrolytes; Electrons; Materials Science; MICROSTRUCTURES; MICROWIRE; Nanoparticles; Nanostructure; Nanotechnology; Nanowires; PARTICLES; POROSITY; Research Article; Sodium; Transmission electron microscopy; Voltammetry; Work stations; X-ray diffraction; 可充电; 多孔; 氧化铜; 纳米线; 透射电子显微镜; 钠离子电池; 阳极
• ISSN: 1998-0124; 1998-0000
• DOI: 10.1007/s12274-013-0387-6

We report the preparation of porous CuO nanowires that are composed of nanoparticles （-50 nm） via a simple decomposition of a Cu（OH）2 precursor and their application as the anode materials of rechargeable Na-ion batteries. The as-prepared porous CuO nanowires exhibit a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） surface area of 13.05 m^2.g^-1, which is six times larger than that of bulk CuO （2.16 m^2.g^-1）. The anode of porous CuO nanowires showed discharge capacities of 640 mA.h.g^-1 in the first cycle and 303 mA.h.g^-1 after 50 cycles at 50 mA.g^-1 The high capacity is attributed to porous nanostructure which facilitates fast Na-intercalation kinetics. The mechanism of electrochemical Na-storage based on conversion reactions has been studied through cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. It is demonstrated that in the discharge process, Na＋ions first insert into CuO to form a CuⅡ1-x CuⅠ x O1-x/2solid and a Na2O matrix then CuⅡ1-xCu Ⅰ xO1-x/2 reacts with Na＋ to produce Cu2O, and finally Cu2O decompose into Cu nanoparticles enclosed in a Na2O matrix. During the charge process, Cu nanopartides are first oxidized to generate Cu2O and then converted back to CuO. This result contributes to the design and mechanistic analysis of high-performance anodes for rechargeable Na-ion batteries.