Insecticidal effects of Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) essential oil on Callosobruchus maculatus [Coleoptera: Bruchidae]

Analysis of Thuja occidentalis L. essential oil used for insect fumigation by phase gas chromatography revealed the presence of 22 compounds including α-thujone (49.64%), fenchone (14.06%), and β-thujone (8.98%). Fumigation of adult bruchids with the oil alone resulted in lethal doses (LD 50 ) of 1....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Canadian journal of plant science 2001, Vol.81 (1), p.173-177
Main Authors: Keita, S.M, Vincent, C, Schmidt, J.P, Arnason, J.T
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bruchidae
Callosobruchus maculatus
essential oils
evaluation
insecticidal properties
kaolin
lethal dose
mortality
qualitative analysis
quantitative analysis
seed germination
Thuja occidentalis
Vigna unguiculata
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Summary:Analysis of Thuja occidentalis L. essential oil used for insect fumigation by phase gas chromatography revealed the presence of 22 compounds including α-thujone (49.64%), fenchone (14.06%), and β-thujone (8.98%). Fumigation of adult bruchids with the oil alone resulted in lethal doses (LD 50 ) of 1.1, 0.7, 0.5 and 0.2 μL/insect after 3, 6, 9 and 12 h, respectively. When insects were treated with aromatized powder, significant differences were also found between treatments and control. Application of 100 mg of powder aromatized at 3 μL essential oil g –1 on bruchid pairs lead to 95% mortality of females and 100% of males with 0% of mortality in the control after 6 h exposure. Five days after their deposit, egg hatching was 1.2% (treated with kaolin powder aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil), 41% (with kaolin alone) and 44% of eggs (control without kaolin). In the same experiment, adult emergence of 80% (in treatments with kaolin alone), 100% in control (without kaolin) and 0% (with kaolin aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil) were recorded 30 d after treatment. Germination of cowpea seeds was not significantly affected by the treatments. Five days after sowing, germination was 88, 97 and 97%, respectively, when cowpea grains were treated and exposed, treated and unexposed, untreated and unexposed, respectively, while those untreated and exposed had 15% germination. Key words: Thuja occidentalis, Callosobruchus maculatus, essential oil, kaolin, fumigation, ethnobotany.
ISSN:0008-4220
1918-1833
DOI:10.4141/p00-059