Dietary flaxseed oil and fish oil ameliorates renal oxidative stress, protein glycation, and inflammation in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

• Published in: Journal of physiology and biochemistry 2016-06, Vol.72 (2), p.327-336
• Main Authors: Jangale, Nivedita M., Devarshi, Prasad P., Bansode, Sneha B., Kulkarni, Mahesh J., Harsulkar, Abhay M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal Physiology; Animals; Biomarkers - metabolism; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - diet therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - immunology; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - pathology; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - therapeutic use; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - therapeutic use; Fish Oils - therapeutic use; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycation End Products, Advanced - antagonists & inhibitors; Human Physiology; Interleukin-6 - antagonists & inhibitors; Interleukin-6 - genetics; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Kidney - immunology; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney - pathology; Linseed Oil - therapeutic use; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; NF-kappa B - antagonists & inhibitors; NF-kappa B - genetics; NF-kappa B - metabolism; Niacinamide; Original Paper; Oxidative Stress; Random Allocation; Rats, Wistar; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products - antagonists & inhibitors; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products - genetics; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products - metabolism; Streptozocin
• ISSN: 1138-7548; 1877-8755
• DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0482-8

Protective and prophylactic effects of omega-3 fatty acids on oxidative stress and inflammation are well known. We assessed beneficial effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil on streptozotocin (65 mg/kg; i.p.)–nicotinamide (110 mg/kg; i.p.) induced diabetic rats by studying renal expression of antioxidant and inflammatory genes. Diabetic rats given 10 % flaxseed oil or 10 % fish oil diet for 35 days showed significant decrease in renal lipid peroxidation. Flaxseed oil diet resulted in up-regulation of renal superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) (activity and expression) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) expression. Furthermore, both diets up-regulated catalase (CAT) (activity and expression) and down-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Both diets were able to limit the renal advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and reduced receptor of AGE (RAGE) protein expression significantly. Expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and NF-κB p65 subunit were down-regulated significantly by flaxseed oil or fish oil diet. The histological tubular injuries were also lowered by both diets. These results suggest that dietary ω-3 fatty acids may slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) associated with oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation in the kidney.