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Spatial dynamics of lions and their prey along an environmental gradient
Establishing the ecological determinants of the spatial dynamics of large African savanna mammals is necessary for understanding the cumulative impacts on the suitability and resilience of their natural habitats, of progressive habitat fragmentation and temporal shifts in climate, fire regimes and e...
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Published in: | African journal of ecology 2004-03, Vol.42 (1), p.8-22 |
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Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Establishing the ecological determinants of the spatial dynamics of large African savanna mammals is necessary for understanding the cumulative impacts on the suitability and resilience of their natural habitats, of progressive habitat fragmentation and temporal shifts in climate, fire regimes and elephant browsing. Systematic directional gradients and small‐scale spatial dependence were evident in rainfall, herbivore biomass and lion density in the Masai Mara National Reserve during September 1990 to July 1992. Lion density, the biomass of resident and all herbivore species were autocorrelated within 4.3, 4.1 and 3.3 km, respectively, and peaked in areas of relatively low rainfall but higher microtopographic and vegetation heterogeneity and complexity and more diverse drainage systems. Rainfall influenced herbivore biomass and hence lion density non‐linearly and that influence was apparently modified by forage mineral nutrients, structural habitat complexity, degree of drainage and distance to waterpoints. Lion density was related to the biomass of resident herbivores, even after controlling for rainfall and spatial trends. Persistence of the recent decline in Mara woodlands and increasing human population along the reserve–ranch boundary would likely reduce the reserve's lion population because most lions spent the daytime within the vegetation mosaic fringing drainage lines, away from humans and domestic livestock.
Résumé
Il est nécessaire d'établir les déterminants écologiques de la dynamique spatiale des grands mammifères de la savane africaine pour comprendre les impacts cumulatifs de l'adaptation et de la résilience de leurs habitats naturels, de la fragmentation progressive des habitats et des changements climatiques, des régimes de feux et du broutage par les éléphants. Des gradients directionnels systématiques et une dépendance spatiale de petite échelle étaient manifestes en ce qui concerne les chutes de pluies, la biomasse des herbivores et la densité des lions dans la Réserve Nationale de Masai Mara entre septembre 1990 et juillet1992. La densité des lions, la biomasse des espèces résidentes et de tous les herbivores furent auto‐corrélées dans un diamètre de 4.3, 4.1 et 3.3 km respectivement, et étaient maximales dans des zones où les chutes de pluie étaient relativement faibles mais où l'hétérogénéité et la complexité micro‐topographiques et végétales étaient plus élevées et les systèmes de drainage plus variés. Les chutes de pluie influençai |
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ISSN: | 0141-6707 1365-2028 |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00440.x |