Evaluation of Alternatives to Carbamate and Organophosphate Insecticides Against Thrips and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Peanut Production

• Published in: Journal of economic entomology 2016-04, Vol.109 (2), p.544-557
• Main Authors: Marasigan, K, Toews, M, Kemerait, R, Abney, M. R, Culbreath, A, Srinivasan, R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Arachis - virology; ARTHROPODS IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASE; Biomass; Crop diseases; Cultivars; Foliage; Greenhouses; Herbivory; Insect Vectors - virology; Insecticides; Legumes; Organophosphates; Peanuts; Pest control; Plant Diseases; Population Density; spotted wilt; Thysanoptera - virology; tobacco thrips; Tomatoes; Tospovirus - isolation & purification; vector and disease management
• ISSN: 0022-0493; 1938-291X
• DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov336

Thrips are important pests of peanut. They cause severe feeding injuries on peanut foliage in the early season. They also transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which causes spotted wilt disease. At-plant insecticides and cultivars that exhibit field resistance to TSWV are often used to manage thrips and spotted wilt disease. Historically, peanut growers used the broad-spectrum insecticides aldicarb (IRAC class 1A; Temik) and phorate (IRAC class 1B; Thimet) for managing thrips and thereby reducing TSWV transmission. Aldicarb has not been produced since 2011 and its usage in peanut will be legally phased out in 2018; therefore, identification of alternative chemistries is critical for thrips and spotted wilt management. Here, eight alternative insecticides, with known thrips activity, were evaluated in field trials conducted from 2011 through 2013. In addition, different application methods of alternatives were also evaluated. Imidacloprid (Admire Pro), thiamethoxam (Actara), spinetoram (Radiant), and cyantraniliprole (Exirel) were as effective as aldicarb and phorate in suppressing thrips, but none of the insecticides significantly suppressed spotted wilt incidence. Nevertheless, greenhouse assays demonstrated that the same alternative insecticides were effective in suppressing thrips feeding and reducing TSWV transmission. Spotted wilt incidence in the greenhouse was more severe (∼80%) than in the field (5–25%). In general, field resistance to TSWV in cultivars only marginally influenced spotted wilt incidence. Results suggest that effective management of thrips using alternative insecticides and subsequent feeding reduction could improve yields under low to moderate virus pressure.