Feasibility of Detecting Aflatoxin B sub(1) on Inoculated Maize Kernels Surface using Vis/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging

The feasibility of using a visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system with a wavelength range between 400 and 1000 nm to detect and differentiate different levels of aflatoxin B sub(1) (AFB sub(1)) artificially titrated on maize kernel surface was examined. To reduce the color effects of mai...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of food science 2015-01, Vol.80 (1), p.M116-M122
Main Authors: Wang, Wei, Heitschmidt, Gerald W, Windham, William R, Feldner, Peggy, Ni, Xinzhi, Chu, Xuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aflatoxins
Feasibility
Hyperspectral imaging
Inoculation
Kernels
Maize
Principal component analysis
Wavelengths
Zea mays
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Summary:The feasibility of using a visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system with a wavelength range between 400 and 1000 nm to detect and differentiate different levels of aflatoxin B sub(1) (AFB sub(1)) artificially titrated on maize kernel surface was examined. To reduce the color effects of maize kernels, image analysis was limited to a subset of original spectra (600 to 1000 nm). Residual staining from the AFB sub(1) on the kernels surface was selected as regions of interest for analysis. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral image data, and then a stepwise factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) was performed on latent PCA variables. The results indicated that discriminant factors F sub(2) can be used to separate control samples from all of the other groups of kernels with AFB sub(1) inoculated, whereas the discriminant factors F sub(1) can be used to identify maize kernels with levels of AFB sub(1) as low as 10 ppb. An overall classification accuracy of 98% was achieved. Finally, the peaks of beta coefficients of the discrimination factors F sub(1) and F sub(2) were analyzed and several key wavelengths identified for differentiating maize kernels with and without AFB sub(1), as well as those with differing levels of AFB sub(1) inoculation. Results indicated that Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging technology combined with the PCA-FDA was a practical method to detect and differentiate different levels of AFB sub(1) artificially inoculated on the maize kernels surface. However, indicated the potential to detect and differentiate naturally occurring toxins in maize kernel.
ISSN:0022-1147
1750-3841
DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.12728