Drought increases the freezing resistance of high-elevation plants of the Central Chilean Andes

• Published in: Oecologia 2016-08, Vol.181 (4), p.1011-1023
• Main Authors: Sierra-Almeida, Angela, Reyes-Bahamonde, Claudia, Cavieres, Lohengrin A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alpine ecosystems; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Chile; Climate Change; Drought; Droughts; Ecology; Elevation; Endangered species; Environmental impact; Freezing; Freezing point; Global temperature changes; Growing season; Hydrology/Water Resources; Irrigation effects; Life Sciences; Mountains; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY - ORIGINAL RESEARCH; Plant Sciences; Plant species; Plants; Seasons
• ISSN: 0029-8549; 1432-1939
• DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3622-5

Freezing temperatures and summer droughts shape plant life in Mediterranean high-elevation habitats. Thus, the impacts of climate change on plant survival for these species could be quite different to those from mesic mountains. We exposed 12 alpine species to experimental irrigation and warming in the Central Chilean Andes to assess whether irrigation decreases freezing resistance, irrigation influences freezing resistance when plants are exposed to warming, and to assess the relative importance of irrigation and temperature in controlling plant freezing resistance. Freezing resistance was determined as the freezing temperature that produced 50 % photoinactivation [lethal temperature (LT 50)] and the freezing point (FP). In seven out of 12 high-Andean species, LT 50 of drought-exposed plants was on average 3.5 K lower than that of irrigated plants. In contrast, most species did not show differences in FP. Warming changed the effect of irrigation on LT₅₀. Depending on species, warming was found to have (1) no effect, (2) to increase, or (3) to decrease the irrigation effect on LT₅₀. However, the effect size of irrigation on LT₅₀ was greater than that of warming for almost all species. The effect of irrigation on FP was slightly changed by warming and was sometimes in disagreement with LT₅₀ responses. Our data show that drought increases the freezing resistance of high-Andean plant species as a general plant response. Although freezing resistance increases depended on species-specific traits, our results show that warmer and moister growing seasons due to climate change will seriously threaten plant survival and persistence of these and other alpine species in dry mountains.