Room temperature ferromagnetism of tin oxide nanocrystal based on synthesis methods

The experimental conditions used in the preparation of nanocrystalline oxide materials play an important role in the room temperature ferromagnetism of the product. In the present work, a comparison was made between sol–gel, microwave assisted sol–gel and hydrothermal methods for preparing tin oxide...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physica. B, Condensed matter Condensed matter, 2016-04, Vol.487, p.47-52
Main Authors: Sakthiraj, K., Hema, M., Balachandrakumar, K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Condensed matter
Crystallites
Ferromagnetism
Nanocrystals
Optical properties
Production methods
Room temperature ferromagnetism
Rutile
Sol gel process
Sol–gel method
Tin oxide nanocrystal
Tin oxides
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Summary:The experimental conditions used in the preparation of nanocrystalline oxide materials play an important role in the room temperature ferromagnetism of the product. In the present work, a comparison was made between sol–gel, microwave assisted sol–gel and hydrothermal methods for preparing tin oxide nanocrystal. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the formation of tetragonal rutile phase structure for all the samples. The crystallite size was estimated from the HRTEM images and it is around 6–12nm. Using optical absorbance measurement, the band gap energy value of the samples has been calculated. It reveals the existence of quantum confinement effect in all the prepared samples. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra confirms that the luminescence process originates from the structural defects such as oxygen vacancies present in the samples. Room temperature hysteresis loop was clearly observed in M–H curve of all the samples. But the sol–gel derived sample shows the higher values of saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanence (Mr) than other two samples. This study reveals that the sol–gel method is superior to the other two methods for producing room temperature ferromagnetism in tin oxide nanocrystal.
ISSN:0921-4526
1873-2135
DOI:10.1016/j.physb.2016.01.026