How to combat cyanobacterial blooms: strategy toward preventive lake restoration and reactive control measures

Water managers worldwide are facing the serious problem of dense blooms of cyanobacteria in surface waters. In the quest for the optimal method to combat cyanobacterial dominance, many questions and many possible solutions arise. This paper presents a three-phase strategy to fight harmful cyanobacte...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Aquatic ecology 2016-09, Vol.50 (3), p.541-576
Main Authors: Stroom, Jasper M., Kardinaal, W. Edwin A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algal blooms
Aquatic plants
Bacteria
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cyanobacteria
Ecosystems
Environmental restoration
Freshwater
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Freshwater lakes
Lake renewal
Lake restoration
Lakes
Life Sciences
Methods
Nutrients
Phosphorus
Species diversity
Surface water
Water quality
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Summary:Water managers worldwide are facing the serious problem of dense blooms of cyanobacteria in surface waters. In the quest for the optimal method to combat cyanobacterial dominance, many questions and many possible solutions arise. This paper presents a three-phase strategy to fight harmful cyanobacterial proliferation. Water managers who apply this strategy can generate a tailor-made set of measures. The three phases consist of (1) defining the ecological water quality targets of the waterbody in question, (2) assessing its current ecological state, and (3) selecting which measures will yield optimal results. The paper provides assistance in the quantitative diagnosis of the state of both shallow and deep temperate freshwater lakes by means of a lake system analysis, and presents a survey of measures. Measures are divided into two sets. Preventive measures are based on switching to a clear state (shallow lake) or reducing the overall cyanobacterial biomass (deep lake). They are subdivided into nutrient reduction, hydromorphological adjustments, and food web management. Concerning nutrient reduction, in many situations phosphorus management alone should suffice. Nitrogen management can be important to increase the species diversity of macrophytes, or to relieve downstream (marine) consequences. Control measures (including mitigation) have a direct impact on cyanobacterial blooms by biomass removal, flushing, or mixing; however, the number of proven technologies is limited.
ISSN:1386-2588
1573-5125
DOI:10.1007/s10452-016-9593-0