The toxicology of the three commercial polybrominated diphenyl oxide (ether) flame retardants

Three commercial polybrominated diphenyl oxide flame retardants (PBDPO, PBDE) are manufactured: decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO), octabromodiphenyl oxide (OBDPO) and pentabromodiphenyl oxide (PeBDPO). The composition, production volumes, uses and toxicology of the three products differ. In 1999, DBDP...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2002-02, Vol.46 (5), p.757-777
Main Author: Hardy, M.L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Administration, Oral
Animals
Brominated flame retardant
Bromobenzenes - administration & dosage
Bromobenzenes - pharmacokinetics
Bromobenzenes - toxicity
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Fishes
Flame Retardants - administration & dosage
Flame Retardants - pharmacokinetics
Flame Retardants - toxicity
Half-Life
Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
Hydrocarbons, Brominated - administration & dosage
Hydrocarbons, Brominated - pharmacokinetics
Hydrocarbons, Brominated - toxicity
Male
Mice
Neoplasms - chemically induced
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
PBDE
PBDPO
Phenyl Ethers - administration & dosage
Phenyl Ethers - pharmacokinetics
Phenyl Ethers - toxicity
Polybrominated Biphenyls - administration & dosage
Polybrominated Biphenyls - pharmacokinetics
Polybrominated Biphenyls - toxicity
Polybrominated diphenyl ether
polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Rabbits
Rats
Reproduction - drug effects
Tissue Distribution
Toxicity
Toxicology
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Summary:Three commercial polybrominated diphenyl oxide flame retardants (PBDPO, PBDE) are manufactured: decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO), octabromodiphenyl oxide (OBDPO) and pentabromodiphenyl oxide (PeBDPO). The composition, production volumes, uses and toxicology of the three products differ. In 1999, DBDPO accounted for ∼82% of the global PBDPO usage. DBDPO has been extensively tested. DBDPO was not acutely toxic, was not irritating to the skin or eye, and did not induce skin sensitization. No evidence of genotoxic effects was detected in the Ames Salmonella, chromosome aberration, mouse lymphoma, or sister chromatid exchange tests. No cytogenic changes were observed in the bone marrow of rats (parents and offspring) undergoing a one-generation reproduction test. DBDPO did not adversely affect development or reproduction in rats. DBDPO's no-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) in repeated dose studies was ⩾1000 mg/kg body weight. No, equivocal, or some evidence of carcinogenicity, dependent on genus and sex, was found in mice and rats at 2.5% and 5% of the diet administered for 2 years. DBPDO was poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00240-5