Myocardial bridges, neither rare nor isolated—Autopsy study

• Published in: Annals of anatomy 2017-03, Vol.210, p.25-31
• Main Authors: Teofilovski-Parapid, G., Jankovic, R., Kanjuh, V., Virmani, R., Danchin, N., Prates, N., Simic, D.V., Parapid, B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anterior interventricular artery; Atherosclerosis - epidemiology; Atherosclerosis - pathology; Autopsy; Cadaver; Cause of Death; Coronary artery anomalies; Coronary Vessels - pathology; Dissection; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital - epidemiology; Heart Defects, Congenital - pathology; Humans; Incidence; Light microscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Morphology; Morphometry; Myocardial bridges; Myocardium - pathology; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Serbia - epidemiology
• ISSN: 0940-9602; 1618-0402
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.09.007

Myocardial bridge is a congenital anomaly with a markedly variable reported incidence on autopsy (4.7%–86%), likely related to geographical regions. Our previous retrospective study showed a prevalence of 0.8%, which we doubted to be the true one in the examined sample of the Serbian population. To assess the importance of the phenomenon we conducted a 2-year prospective study at the same institution. Ninety-six cadaver hearts from adult individuals of both genders (51 men, 45 women) who died from natural causes underwent special dissection. Tunneled coronary arteries and myocardium were examined using light microscopy. A total of 14 myocardial bridges were found in 13 (13.54%) hearts. This anomaly was insignificantly more common in men (13.72% vs. 13.33%, p>0.05). In one heart we noted two myocardial bridges (the left anterior interventricular artery and left marginal artery were overbridged). None of the myocardial bridges had been diagnosed during life. The most common causes of death were cardiac related. Myocardial bridges were located in the following areas: left anterior interventricular (50%), left circumflex artery (28.6%), left marginal artery (14.3%), and right coronary artery (7.1%). In 92.3% of cases, the right coronary artery was dominant. The only heart with a balanced-type had two bridges. Most of the myocardial bridges were long and deep. All tunneled coronary arteries, and although surrounded by “coronary cushion,” were not protected from atherosclerosis. In 30.8% of hearts with myocardial bridges, we found additional coronary artery anomalies. Myocardial bridges were not rare in the examined sample of the Serbian population and were often associated with other coronary artery anomalies, rendering the carriers at higher risk.