Long term betaine supplementation regulates genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism of two muscles from an obese pig breed

This study evaluates the effects of betaine supplementation (1gkg−1 for 20weeks) on the regulation of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism of Longissimus lumborum and Biceps femoris from obese Alentejano pigs. Betaine supplementation led to an increase in total cholesterol in both musc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Meat science 2017-02, Vol.124, p.25-33
Main Authors: Albuquerque, A., Neves, José A., Redondeiro, M., Laranjo, M., Félix, M.R., Freitas, Amadeu, Tirapicos, José L., Martins, José M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Alentejano pig
Animal Feed - analysis
Animals
Betaine
Betaine - administration & dosage
Biceps femoris
Breeding
Cholesterol - metabolism
Diet - veterinary
Dietary Supplements
Down-Regulation
Fatty Acids - metabolism
Gene expression
Intramuscular fat and cholesterol content
Lipid Metabolism - genetics
Longissimus lumborum
Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Obesity - genetics
Obesity - veterinary
Swine
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Up-Regulation
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Summary:This study evaluates the effects of betaine supplementation (1gkg−1 for 20weeks) on the regulation of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism of Longissimus lumborum and Biceps femoris from obese Alentejano pigs. Betaine supplementation led to an increase in total cholesterol in both muscles, complementing results previously published indicating a significant increase on the intramuscular lipid content. The expression of twelve genes involved in lipogenesis, lipolysis/FA oxidation, FA transport, and cholesterol metabolism, as well as two transcription factors were also evaluated. Genes related to lipid and cholesterol synthesis plus FA transport were consistently up-regulated in both muscles of betaine fed pigs. On the other hand, genes related to lipolysis/FA oxidation were not affected or down-regulated by betaine supplementation. Our data suggest that the underlying mechanism regulating IMF and cholesterol accumulation in Alentejano pigs supplemented with betaine is associated with the up-regulation of genes involved in lipid synthesis, FA transport, and cholesterol synthesis.
ISSN:0309-1740
1873-4138
DOI:10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.012