The effect of binary mixtures of zinc, copper, cadmium, and nickel on the growth of the freshwater diatom Navicula pelliculosa and comparison with mixture toxicity model predictions

The authors investigated the effect of binary mixtures of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) on the growth of a freshwater diatom, Navicula pelliculosa. A 7 × 7 full factorial experimental design (49 combinations in total) was used to test each binary metal mixture. A 3‐d fluoresc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2016-11, Vol.35 (11), p.2765-2773
Main Authors: Nagai, Takashi, De Schamphelaere, Karel A.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic ecosystems
Bacillariophyceae
Biotic ligand model
Cadmium
Cadmium - toxicity
Complex Mixtures - toxicity
Concentration addition
Copper
Copper - toxicity
Diatoms - drug effects
Experimental design
Fresh Water - chemistry
Independent action
Metal
Metal concentrations
Metals, Heavy - toxicity
Mixture toxicology
Models, Theoretical
Navicula pelliculosa
Nickel
Nickel - toxicity
Risk analysis
Statistical analysis
Toxicity
Trace elements
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Zinc
Zinc - toxicity
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Summary:The authors investigated the effect of binary mixtures of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) on the growth of a freshwater diatom, Navicula pelliculosa. A 7 × 7 full factorial experimental design (49 combinations in total) was used to test each binary metal mixture. A 3‐d fluorescence microplate toxicity assay was used to test each combination. Mixture effects were predicted by concentration addition and independent action models based on a single‐metal concentration–response relationship between the relative growth rate and the calculated free metal ion activity. Although the concentration addition model predicted the observed mixture toxicity significantly better than the independent action model for the Zn–Cu mixture, the independent action model predicted the observed mixture toxicity significantly better than the concentration addition model for the Cd–Zn, Cd–Ni, and Cd–Cu mixtures. For the Zn–Ni and Cu–Ni mixtures, it was unclear which of the 2 models was better. Statistical analysis concerning antagonistic/synergistic interactions showed that the concentration addition model is generally conservative (with the Zn–Ni mixture being the sole exception), indicating that the concentration addition model would be useful as a method for a conservative first‐tier screening‐level risk analysis of metal mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2765–2773. © 2016 SETAC
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.3445