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User‐independent assessment of conditioning pain modulation by cuff pressure algometry

Background The use of conditioning pain modulation (CPM) is hampered by poor reproducibility and lack of user‐independent paradigms. This study refined the CPM paradigm by applying user‐independent cuff algometry. Methods In 20 subjects, the CPM effect of conditioning with cuff stimulation on the ar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of pain 2017-03, Vol.21 (3), p.552-561
Main Authors: Graven‐Nielsen, T., Izumi, M., Petersen, K.K., Arendt‐Nielsen, L.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Background The use of conditioning pain modulation (CPM) is hampered by poor reproducibility and lack of user‐independent paradigms. This study refined the CPM paradigm by applying user‐independent cuff algometry. Methods In 20 subjects, the CPM effect of conditioning with cuff stimulation on the arm was investigated by pain test stimuli on the contralateral leg before and in parallel with different cuff conditionings (10, 30, 60 kPa/60 s; 30, 60 kPa/10 s). As test stimulus, another cuff was inflated (1 kPa/s) until the subjects detected the pain tolerance threshold (PTT) during which the pain detection threshold (PDT) and the pressure at a pain intensity of 6 cm on a 10‐cm visual analogue scale (PVAS6) were extracted. For comparison, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) as test stimuli were recorded by the user‐dependent handheld pressure algometry. Combinations of cuff locations for conditioning (pain intensity standardized) and contralateral test stimuli were additionally evaluated (leg–arm, leg–leg, arm–thigh). The test–retest reliability in two sessions 1 month apart was assessed in five CPM protocols. Results In all protocols, the PDT, PVAS6 and PTT increased during conditioning compared with baseline (p 
ISSN:1090-3801
1532-2149
DOI:10.1002/ejp.958