Design and selection of vaccine adjuvants: animal models and human trials

The availability of hundreds of different adjuvants has prompted a need for identifying rational standards for selection of adjuvant formulations based on safety and sound immunological principles for human vaccines. Although many of the mechanisms of adjuvants have been elucidated, meaningful compa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccine 2002-05, Vol.20, p.S56-S64
Main Author: Alving, Carl R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage
Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology
Adjuvants, Immunologic - toxicity
Animal model
Animals
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
Emulsions
Freund’s adjuvant
Herpes simplex virus type 2 vaccine
HIV vaccine
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human trial
Humans
Lipid A
Liposomes
Malaria vaccine
MF59
Models, Animal
Oil-in-water emulsions
Prostate cancer vaccine
Vaccine adjuvant
Vaccines - immunology
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Summary:The availability of hundreds of different adjuvants has prompted a need for identifying rational standards for selection of adjuvant formulations based on safety and sound immunological principles for human vaccines. Although many of the mechanisms of adjuvants have been elucidated, meaningful comparisons between different adjuvants derived from in vitro studies, or from studies using adjuvants in rodents or other animals, are often not predictive for safety, adjuvant effects, or vaccine efficacy in humans. A highly efficient and cost-effective method for comparison of adjuvants with a new antigen is to conduct multiple small-scale, phase 1, comparative studies in humans with a new antigen, using adjuvants previously found to be safe with other antigens in human trials. Studies in which highly immunogenic and safe adjuvant formulations have been evaluated in comparative adjuvant trials in humans using a single candidate vaccine antigen against malaria, HIV, and prostate cancer with multiple adjuvants are reviewed.
ISSN:0264-410X
1873-2518
DOI:10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00174-3