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Activity Enhancement by the Support in the Hydrogenation of C=C Bonds over Polymer-Supported Palladium Catalysts
Four synthetic ion‐exchange resins (AH, BH, CH, DH) of different hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties were used as supports for heterogeneous palladium catalysts (A, B, C, D). The resins contained styrene (STY) and 2‐(methacryloxy)ethylsulfonic acid (MESA) as the comonomers. Either divinylbenzene (DVB...
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Published in: | Chemistry : a European journal 2000-06, Vol.6 (11), p.1980-1986 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Four synthetic ion‐exchange resins (AH, BH, CH, DH) of different hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties were used as supports for heterogeneous palladium catalysts (A, B, C, D). The resins contained styrene (STY) and 2‐(methacryloxy)ethylsulfonic acid (MESA) as the comonomers. Either divinylbenzene (DVB: CH, DH resins) or N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA: AH, BH resins) were used as the cross‐linker. AH contained also N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) as the third comonomer. The catalysts (Pd 0.25‐0.45 % w/w) were obtained by ion‐exchanging the acidic forms of the resins with [Pd(OAc)2] and reducing palladium(II) with excess sodium borohydride. The use of NaBH4 also ensured the neutralization of the acidic sites of the supports. No effect of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the supports was observed in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one in methanol, at 25 °C and 0.5, 1, and 1.5 MPa, respectively. However, catalysts A and B, containing amido groups provided by either DMAA or MBAA, proved to be more active than C and D. The observed activity enhancement was directly proportional to the nitrogen/palladium molar ratio in the catalysts. This finding suggests that amido groups promote palladium through a direct interaction with the metal surface.
Quattro resine per scambio ionico (AH, BH, CH, DH), dotate di proprietà idrofiliche/fobiche differenti, furono utilizzate quali supporti per catalizzatori eterogenei di palladio (A, B, C, D). I catalizzatori furono ottenuti mediante immobilizzazione di palladio(II) per scambio ionico a partire da [Pd(OAc)2] e sua successiva riduzione con NaBH4 in eccesso. Fu quindi studiata la reazione di idrogenazione del doppio legame C−C nel cicloesene, nel cicloesanone e nel 2‐cicloesen‐1‐one, a 25 °C e alla pressione di 0.5, 1.0, e 1.5 MPa, rispettivamente, in presenza dei catalizzatori A, B, C, D. Alcuni dei supporti polimerici contenevano gruppi ammidici e i catalizzatori basati su di essi risultarono piú attivi degli altri, indipendentemente dalla pressione di idrogeno. Inoltre fu osservato che l'aumento di attività catalitica era direttamente proporzionale al rapporto molare fra azoto e palladio. Ciò suggerisce un effetto di promozione diretta del catalizzatore da parte dei gruppi ammidici eventualmente presenti nel supporto.
Amido groups hanging from the polymeric backbone enhance the activity of palladium catalyst supported onto functionalized cross‐linked polymers (see illustration) in the hydrogenatio |
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ISSN: | 0947-6539 1521-3765 |
DOI: | 10.1002/1521-3765(20000602)6:11<1980::AID-CHEM1980>3.0.CO;2-Z |