Interaction between diabetes mellitus and hypertension on risk of hearing loss in highly endogamous population

• Published in: Diabetes & metabolic syndrome clinical research & reviews 2017-11, Vol.11, p.S45-S51
• Main Authors: Bener, Abdulbari, Al-Hamaq, Abdulla O.A.A, Abdulhadi, Khalid, Salahaldin, Ahmed H, Gansan, Loida
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Blood glucose; Cohort Studies; Consanguinity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Epidemiology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hearing loss; Hearing Loss - epidemiology; Hearing Loss - etiology; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - complications; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Qatar - epidemiology; Risk factors; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1871-4021; 1878-0334
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.09.004

Abstract AIM The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a highly endogamous population. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. SETTING The present study is carried out in Ear Nose Throat (ENT) and Endocrinology outpatient clinics of the Hamad General and Rumeilah Hospitals, Hamad Medical Corporation. SUBJECTS All subjects aged between 20 and 59 years who visited the Endocrinology and ENT outpatient clinics of the Hamad Medical Corporation with hearing difficulty were included in this study during the period from January 2013 to July 2014. METHOD During the study period, prevalence, hearing, audiological test, family history and medical problems associated with hearing impairment in middle aged patients were recorded. Two audiometers Grason Stadler GSI 61 and Madsen Orbiter 922 were used to evaluate the hearing loss. RESULT Majority of the hearing loss observed at the age above 45 years old, (44.8% vs 51.7%, p = 0.05). The prevalence of hearing impairment was higher in Qataris than in non-Qataris (59.7% vs 46.6%, p < 0.001). The consanguineous marriages were observed higher in Hearing loss (32.1%) than in normal hearing (21.8%) (p = 0.028).The mean of diabetes onset duration (7.8 ± 4.12 years), sleeping disorder (5.81 ± 1.29 Hours), obese subjects (38% vs 27.4%); family history of diabetes (30.6 vs 23.1%%) were higher among hearing impairment. The associated risk factors were significantly higher in T2DM with hearing loss, hypoglycemia (32.8% vs 27.4%), retinopathy (313% vs 18.5%), Nephropathy (17.9% vs 9.8%), Neuropathy (17.9% vs 10.2%), macro-vascular disease (11.9% vs 6.2%), diabetic foot ulcer (20.9% vs 12.6%), Tinnitus (68.7% vs 51.3%), and Vertigo (25.4% vs 16.9%) than in normal hearing diabetes. There was a statistically significant differences between hearing impairment and normal hearing among T2DM regarding hearing assessment frequency (p = 0.041). There were statistically significant differences between hearing impairment versus normal hearing for vitamin D [18.91 ± 7.65 ng/ml vs 22.85 ± 9.00 ng/ml; p < 0.001], calcium [1.80 ± 0.12 ng/ml vs 1.96 ± 0.14 mmol/L; p < 0.001], magnesium [0.80 ± 0.09 mmol/L vs 0.8 ± 0.14 mmol/L; p < 0.001], phosphorous [1.42 ± 0.30 mmol/L vs 1.56 ± 0.26 mmol/L; p < 0.001], ceatinine [1.42 ± 0.30 mmol/L vs 1.56 ± 0.26 mmol/L; p < 0.001], cholesterol [4.92 ± 1.08 mmol/L vs 4.40 ± 1.01 mmol/L; p = 0.035], LDL [1.92 ± 0.88 mmol/L vs 2.0