Concentration Levels of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Urine, Muscle Tissue, and Liver Samples of Pigs Fed with Mycotoxin-Contaminated Oats

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2002-04, Vol.50 (9), p.2494-2501
• Main Authors: Zöllner, Peter, Jodlbauer, Justus, Kleinova, Martina, Kahlbacher, Hermann, Kuhn, Thomas, Hochsteiner, Werner, Lindner, Wolfgang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Avena; Biological and medical sciences; Chromatography, Liquid; Feed and pet food industries; Food Contamination; Food industries; Food toxicology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Liver - chemistry; Mass Spectrometry; Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry; Mycotoxins - administration & dosage; Mycotoxins - pharmacokinetics; Swine; Zearalenone - analysis; Zearalenone - urine; Zeranol - analogs & derivatives; Zeranol - analysis; Zeranol - urine
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/jf0113631

The content of zearalenone and its metabolites in urine and tissue samples from pigs fed zearalenone-contaminated oats was established by analytical methods combining solid-phase extraction cleanup of the samples with highly selective liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS detection. Investigation of the urine samples revealed that approximately 60% of zearalenone was transformed in vivo to α-zearalenol and its epimer β-zearalenol in a mean ratio of 3:1. Zeranol and taleranol as further metabolites could only be detected in trace amounts. Zearalanone was identified at considerable concentrations, though only in a couple of samples. In contrast, liver samples contained predominantly α-zearalenol, and to a minor extent β-zearalenol and zearalenone, with a mean ratio of α-/β-zearalenol of 2.5:1, while zeranol, taleranol, or zearalanone could not be identified in any of the investigated samples. The degree of glucoronidation was established for zearalenone as 27% in urine and 62% in liver; for α-zearalenol as 88% in urine and 77% in liver; and for β-zearalenol as 94% in urine and 29% in liver. Analyses of muscle tissue revealed relatively high amounts of nonglucuronidated zeranol and α-zearalenol together with traces of taleranol and zearalenone, indicating that the metabolism of zearalenone and its metabolites is not restricted to hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolic pathways. Keywords: Zearalenone; metabolism; zeranol; zearalanol; zearalenol; zearalanone; pigs; feeding study