Embryonic stem cells: a novel paradigm to study proteostasis?

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exhibit a striking ability to replicate continuously in the absence of senescence. Despite the knowledge gained into ESC biology and cell reprogramming, the mechanisms that regulate their pluripotency, self‐renewal, and differentiation remain largely unknown. Recently, cu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The FEBS journal 2017-02, Vol.284 (3), p.391-398
Main Authors: Lee, Hyun Ju, Gutierrez‐Garcia, Ricardo, Vilchez, David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Aging - genetics
Aging - metabolism
Animals
autophagy
Biomedical research
Cancer
Cell Differentiation
Cell Proliferation
Cell self-renewal
Cellular Reprogramming
chaperones
Embryo cells
embryonic stem cells
Embryonic Stem Cells - cytology
Embryonic Stem Cells - metabolism
Embryos
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - genetics
Humans
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - pathology
Neoplasms - therapy
Pluripotency
proteasome
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - metabolism
Protein Biosynthesis
Protein Folding
Protein Stability
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Proteolysis
Proteome - genetics
Proteome - metabolism
proteostasis
ribosomes
Senescence
Stem cells
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Summary:Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exhibit a striking ability to replicate continuously in the absence of senescence. Despite the knowledge gained into ESC biology and cell reprogramming, the mechanisms that regulate their pluripotency, self‐renewal, and differentiation remain largely unknown. Recently, cumulative evidence has highlighted the importance of protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, in the maintenance of ESC function. These findings indicate that ESCs exhibit intrinsic differences in the regulation and activity of key nodes of the proteostasis network such as global protein synthesis, folding, and degradation rates. Here, we review new insights into proteostasis of ESCs and the questions raised by these findings. In addition, we discuss the potential of these discoveries to be applied into aging and cancer research. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) do not undergo senescence and can replicate indefinitely. Growing evidence indicates that ESCs exhibit intrinsic differences in the regulation of protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, to maintain their immortality. Here, we review new insights into proteostasis of ESCs with a special focus on protein synthesis, folding and degradation networks. In addition, we discuss the potential of these discoveries to be applied into aging and cancer research.
ISSN:1742-464X
1742-4658
DOI:10.1111/febs.13810