A study of the age-related effects of lactational atrazine exposure

•Early life exposure to Atrazine leads to persistent alterations on dopaminergic neuron.•Dopaminergic neuron injuries become more severe during aging.•A down-regulation of Nurr1 expression is the early key event. A growing number of reports have demonstrated that the widely-used herbicide Atrazine (...

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Published in:Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2017-04, Vol.69, p.230-241
Main Authors: Sun, Yan, Li, Yan-Shu, Li, Bai, Ma, Kun, Li, Bai-Xiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid - metabolism
Age Factors
Animals
Atrazine
Atrazine - toxicity
Corpus Striatum - drug effects
Corpus Striatum - metabolism
Developmental susceptibility
Dopamine - metabolism
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism
Dopaminergic metabolism pathway
Dopaminergic Neurons - drug effects
Female
Herbicides - toxicity
Homovanillic Acid - metabolism
Lactation - metabolism
Male
Mesencephalon - drug effects
Mesencephalon - metabolism
Monoamine Oxidase - genetics
Monoamine Oxidase - metabolism
Nuclear receptor related factor 1
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 - genetics
Parkinson’s Disease
Pregnancy
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins - genetics
Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins - metabolism
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Summary:•Early life exposure to Atrazine leads to persistent alterations on dopaminergic neuron.•Dopaminergic neuron injuries become more severe during aging.•A down-regulation of Nurr1 expression is the early key event. A growing number of reports have demonstrated that the widely-used herbicide Atrazine (ATR) can cause injury to dopamine (DA) neurons, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of lactational ATR exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats on dopaminergic neuron health later in life. Compared with control rats, rats exposed to ATR during a critical period of neural development showed decreased striatal DA content and increased rates of DA turnover. The expression of Monoamine oxidase (MAO), which is associated with DA degradation, was up-regulated, and the expression of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2), which is associated with DA transport, was down-regulated. The expression of transcription factor Nuclear Receptor Related Factor 1 (Nurr1), which is associated with DA neuron development, was down-regulated. Increased age (6–12 months old) increased the statistical significance of the differences of the above indicators in the ATR-treated rats compared to the control rats (P
ISSN:0890-6238
1873-1708
DOI:10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.011