Mastocarcinoma therapy synergistically promoted by lysosome dependent apoptosis specifically evoked by 5-Fu@nanogel system with passive targeting and pH activatable dual function

• Published in: Journal of controlled release 2017-05, Vol.254, p.107-118
• Main Authors: Zhu, Xiandi, Sun, Yn, Chen, Di, Li, Jingfeng, Dong, Xia, Wang, Jie, Chen, Huaiwen, Wang, Ying, Zhang, Fulei, Dai, Jinaxin, Pirraco, Rogério P., Guo, Shangjing, Marques, Alexandra P., Reis, Rui L., Li, Wei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents - administration & dosage; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy; Caspase 9 - metabolism; Cathepsin B - metabolism; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cytochromes c - metabolism; Drug Carriers; Drug delivery; Female; Fluorouracil - administration & dosage; Gels; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imines - chemistry; Lysosomes - metabolism; Mastocarcinoma therapy; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mitochondria - drug effects; Mitochondria - metabolism; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Nanogel; Nanostructures - chemistry; Particle Size; Passive targeting; Polyethylenes - chemistry; Science & Technology
• ISSN: 0168-3659; 1873-4995
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.038

[Display omitted] This manuscript describes a synergistic therapy for mastocarcinoma by pH and temperature dual-sensitive nanogel, and effects of microstructure, composition and properties of nanogel on the cellular response mechanism. The extracellular internalization of nanogels was obviously enhanced, due to the passive targeting function at T>VPTT. Interestingly, the increased cytotoxicity was further synergistically enhanced by an unexpected apoptosis as evoked by the 5-fluorouracil loaded nanogel (FLNG). The systemically evaluation of the effectors generated from different sub-cellular organelles including endosome, lysosome, autophagosome confirmed that it was a lysomal dependent apoptosis. Such specific apoptosis was mainly attributed to its activatable protonated PEI at low pH, which caused lysosomal membrane destruction and lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B (Cat B) leakage. This Cat B was then translocated to the mitochondria resulting in mitochondrial membrane permeability increase and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease, followed by cytochrome c (Cyt C) release. Cyt C was the main molecule that evoked apoptosis as reflected by overexpression of caspase 9. Additionally, such lysosome dependent, apoptosis was further enhanced by the passive cellular targeting at T>VPTT. Thus, the tumor growth inhibition was synergistically enhanced by the extracellular temperature dependent passive targeting and intracellular pH activatable lysosomal dependent apoptosis.