Colonization of the pelagic realm by calanoid copepods

The evolution of calanoid copepods probably extends back into the mid-Paleozoic. Environmental change from the Paleozoic through to the Tertiary is reviewed. Turbidity, water clarity, oxygen, pelagic primary production, and tectonically induced changes in the morphology of the oceans are probably al...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hydrobiologia 2002-10, Vol.485 (1-3), p.223-244
Main Author: BRADFORD-GRIEVE, Janet M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arietelloidea
Biological and medical sciences
Biological evolution
Calanidae
Calanoida
Centropagidae
Clausocalanoidea
Cretaceous
Devonian
Diaptomidae
Diaptomoidea
Environmental changes
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Geology
Jurassic
Marine
Oceans
Oxygen
Paleozoic
Permian
Phylogeny
Primary production
Turbidity
Water column
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Summary:The evolution of calanoid copepods probably extends back into the mid-Paleozoic. Environmental change from the Paleozoic through to the Tertiary is reviewed. Turbidity, water clarity, oxygen, pelagic primary production, and tectonically induced changes in the morphology of the oceans are probably all important drivers of calanoid evolution and their invasion of the pelagic realm. Current views of the phylogeny of the Calanoida are presented as well as a review of some recent work on metabolic potential, female genital system, and nervous system. It is hypothesized that ancestors of the Arietelloidea and Diaptomoidea invaded the water column in the Devonian at a similar time to the Ostracoda and that the ancestors of the Calanoidea-Clausocalanoidea, with their myelinated axons, arose in the Permian during the major deep ventilation of the ocean. Present day distributions of some Diaptomidae, Centropagidae, and Calanidae suggest that these families successfully came through the Jurassic/Cretaceous expansion of the oxygen minimum zone and the K-T boundary event. Some Arietelloidea and Clausocalanoidea became secondarily benthic and may have survived the K-T boundary event in this environment. It is postulated that some Clausocalanoidea reinvaded the water column (e.g. Clausocalanidae, Aetideidae, Phaennidae, Scolecitrichidae) in the Tertiary after finding refuge in deep, low oxygen water away from the sea surface. It is possible that these hypotheses may be testable using genetic information in the near future.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
ISSN:0018-8158
1573-5117
DOI:10.1023/A:1021373412738