Phenolic compounds reduce formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pyrazines formed by Maillard reactions in a model bread system

• Published in: Food chemistry 2017-09, Vol.231, p.175-184
• Main Authors: Mildner-Szkudlarz, Sylwia, Siger, Aleksander, Szwengiel, Artur, Przygoński, Krzysztof, Wojtowicz, Elżbieta, Zawirska-Wojtasiak, Renata
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Available lysine losses; Bread; Catechin; Lysine - analogs & derivatives; Maillard Reaction; Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML); Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Pyrazines
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.126

•Phenolic compounds influence the glycation process.•Breads enriched with PCs inhibit CML generation.•The total amount of CML formed was dependent on the concentration of PCs.•PCs significantly suppress Maillard-type aroma generation during baking. This study had the objective of determining the antiglycation activity of phenolic compounds (PCs) ((+)-catechin, quercetin, gallic, ferulic, and caffeic acids) added to a model bread with regards to the inhibition of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) formation. PCs were found to significantly reduce CML (31.77%−87.56%), even at the lowest concentration, with the exception of ferulic acid (FA). The strongest inhibitory effect of FA (∼62%) appeared when concentration was increased to 1.0g/100g of flour. The available lysine losses (0.00%−90.51%) showed a significant correlation (0.853–0.990) with effectiveness of CML inhibition, except in the case of samples with FA. (+)-Catechin reduced CML levels the most, probably due to its structure–antioxidant activity relationship, its thermal stability (∼51% loss), and its reactivity with ε-lysine side chains (∼40.77% loss). Although the bread supplemented with PCs contained low levels of CML, this process may adversely affect bread flavor, reducing the formation of pyrazines (1.10%–80.77%).