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Challenges in using allylthiourea and chlorate as specific nitrification inhibitors
Allylthiourea (ATU) and chlorate (ClO3−) are often used to selectively inhibit nitritation and nitratation. In this work we identified challenges with use of these compounds in inhibitory assays with filter material from a biological rapid sand filter for groundwater treatment. Inhibition was invest...
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Published in: | Chemosphere (Oxford) 2017-09, Vol.182, p.301-305 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Allylthiourea (ATU) and chlorate (ClO3−) are often used to selectively inhibit nitritation and nitratation. In this work we identified challenges with use of these compounds in inhibitory assays with filter material from a biological rapid sand filter for groundwater treatment. Inhibition was investigated in continuous-flow lab-scale columns, packed with filter material from a full-scale filter and supplied with NH4+ or NO2−. ATU concentrations of 0.1–0.5 mM interfered with the indophenol blue method for NH4+ quantification leading to underestimation of the measured NH4+ concentration. Interference was stronger at higher ATU levels and resulted in no NH4+ detection at 0.5 mM ATU. ClO3− at typical concentrations for inhibition assays (1–10 mM) inhibited nitratation by less than 6%, while nitritation was instead inhibited by 91% when NH4+ was supplied. On the other hand, nitratation was inhibited by 67–71% at 10–20 mM ClO3− when NO2− was supplied, suggesting significant nitratation inhibition at higher NO2− concentrations. No chlorite (ClO2−) was detected in the effluent, and thus we could not confirm that nitritation inhibition was caused by ClO3− reduction to ClO2−. In conclusion, ATU and ClO3− should be used with caution in inhibition assays, because analytical interference and poor selectivity for the targeted process may affect the experimental outcome and compromise result interpretation.
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•ATU interfered with the indophenol blue method underestimating the NH4+ concentration.•ClO3− inhibited both nitritation and nitratation, depending on the N-substrate supplied.•Nitratation inhibition by ClO3− increased with increasing NO2− concentration.•Response to ClO3− may serve as an indicator of the contribution of comammox to nitrification. |
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ISSN: | 0045-6535 1879-1298 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.005 |