Chemical Composition and Allelopathic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activity of Fish‐mint (Houttuynia cordataThunb.) from India

• Published in: Chemistry & biodiversity 2017-10, Vol.14 (10), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Verma, Ram S., Joshi, Neeta, Padalia, Rajendra C., Singh, Ved R., Goswami, Prakash, Kumar, Ajay, Iqbal, Hina, Verma, Rajesh K., Chanda, Debabrata, Chauhan, Amit, Saikia, Dharmendra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Allelopathy; Allelopathy - drug effects; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antifungal Agents - chemistry; Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology; Antimicrobial activity; Bacteria - drug effects; Chemical composition; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - isolation & purification; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Cluster analysis; Constituents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Essential oils; Essential‐oil composition; Exploitation; Exploration; Fungi - drug effects; Fungicides; Herbal medicine; Houttuynia; Houttuynia - chemistry; Houttuynia cordata; India; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Myrcene; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oils, Volatile - chemistry; Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification; Oils, Volatile - pharmacology; Phytotoxic activity; Pinene; Plant parts; Plant Structures - chemistry; Sabinene; Season; Structure-Activity Relationship
• ISSN: 1612-1872; 1612-1880
• DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700189

Fish‐mint (Houttuynia cordataThunb.), belonging to family Saururaceae, has long been used as food and traditional herbal medicine. The present study was framed to assess the changes occurring in the essential‐oil composition of H. cordata during annual growth and to evaluate allelopathic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiacetylcholinesterase activities. The essential‐oil content ranged from 0.06 – 0.14% and 0.08 – 0.16% in aerial parts and underground stem, respectively. The essential oils were analysed by GC‐FID, GC/MS, and NMR (1H and 13C). Major constituents of aerial‐parts oil was 2‐undecanone (19.4 – 56.3%), myrcene (2.6 – 44.3%), ethyl decanoate (0.0 – 10.6%), ethyl dodecanoate (1.1 – 8.6%), 2‐tridecanone (0.5 – 8.3%), and decanal (1.1 – 6.9%). However, major constituents of underground‐stem oil were 2‐undecanone (29.5 – 42.3%), myrcene (14.4 – 20.8%), sabinene (6.0 – 11.1%), 2‐tridecanone (1.8 – 10.5%), β‐pinene (5.3 – 10.0%), and ethyl dodecanoate (0.8 – 7.3%). Cluster analysis revealed that essential‐oil composition varied substantially due to the plant parts and season of collection. The oils exhibited significant allelopathic (inhibition: 77.8 – 88.8%; LD50: 2.45 – 3.05 μl/plate), antibacterial (MIC: 0.52 – 2.08 μl/ml; MBC: bacteriostatic) and antifungal (MIC: 2.08 – 33.33 μl/ml; MFC: 4.16 – 33.33 μl/ml) activities. The results indicate that the essential oil from H. cordata has a significant potential to allow future exploration and exploitation as a natural antimicrobial and allelopathic agent.