Evolution of Cyclodextrin Nanosponges

[Display omitted] Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NSs) are insoluble, highly cross-linked 3D network polymers used in several scientific and technological fields, the main area of investigation concerns the pharmaceutical applications, in which CD-NSs have been mostly employed as drug delivery sy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of pharmaceutics 2017-10, Vol.531 (2), p.470-479
Main Authors: Caldera, Fabrizio, Tannous, Maria, Cavalli, Roberta, Zanetti, Marco, Trotta, Francesco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cyclodextrin nanosponges
Cyclodextrins - chemistry
Drug Delivery Systems
functionalized nanosponges
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
molecularly imprinted polymers
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Polymers
stimuli responsive polymers
Temperature
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Summary:[Display omitted] Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NSs) are insoluble, highly cross-linked 3D network polymers used in several scientific and technological fields, the main area of investigation concerns the pharmaceutical applications, in which CD-NSs have been mostly employed as drug delivery systems. CD-NSs can be generally grouped into four consecutive generations, taking into account their chemical composition and properties. The 1st generation of NSs are plain nanosponges, subdivided into four main types: urethane, carbonate, ester and ether NSs, depending on the chemical nature of the functional group connecting the CD to the cross-linker. The 2nd generation of NSs are modified nanosponges characterized by specific properties, such as fluorescence and electric charge. The 3rd generation of NSs is represented by stimuli-responsive CD polymers, which are able to modulate their behavior according to external variations in the environment, such as pH and temperature gradients, oxidative/reducing conditions, and finally the 4th generation of NSs, a new family of molecularly imprinted CD polymers (MIPs), exhibiting a high selectivity towards specific molecules. The following review focuses on the evolution of cyclodextrin nanosponges, listing some examples of each generation.
ISSN:0378-5173
1873-3476
DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.072