Sleep correlates of substance use in community-dwelling Ethiopian adults

• Published in: Sleep & breathing 2017-12, Vol.21 (4), p.1005-1011
• Main Authors: Manzar, Md. Dilshad, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Maru, Tarekegn Tesfaye, Dadi, Tegene Legese, Abiche, Mathewos Geneto, Abateneh, Dejene Derseh, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R., Bahammam, Ahmed S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology; Alcoholic beverages; Association analysis; Body mass index; Catha - adverse effects; Catha edulis; Chewing; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentistry; Ethiopia - epidemiology; Female; Humans; Insomnia; Internal Medicine; Latency; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics; Pneumology/Respiratory System; Psychiatrics • Original Article; Sleep; Sleep - physiology; Sleep Wake Disorders - complications; Smoking; Smoking - adverse effects; Smoking - epidemiology; Substance use; Tobacco smoking; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1520-9512; 1522-1709
• DOI: 10.1007/s11325-017-1567-5

Purpose The relationship between sleep disturbances and substance use can have harmful effects. Evidence shows widespread use of substances, including khat, in the Ethiopian population. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the sleep correlates of substance use in community-dwelling Ethiopian adults. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was performed on community-dwelling adults ( n  = 371, age = 25.5 ± 5.7 years, body mass index = 22.0 ± 2.2 kg/m 2 ) in Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia. Dichotomized sleep measures (sleep quality and sleep latency) assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used in association analysis using binary logistic regression with substance use (khat, smoking, and alcohol). Result Sleep latency was associated with khat chewing (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)  =  2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–4.4) and tobacco smoking (AOR  =  2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.0). Sleep quality was associated with khat chewing (AOR  =  3.1, 95% CI 1.8–5.2), tobacco smoking (AOR  =  1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5), and alcohol intake (AOR  =  1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.1). Conclusion Sleep correlates of substance use were found in community-dwelling Ethiopians. These findings may aid in the development of targeted strategies to manage substance use-related sleep disturbances.