Area MT Neurons Respond to Visual Motion Distant From Their Receptive Fields

• Published in: Journal of neurophysiology 2005-12, Vol.94 (6), p.4156-4167
• Main Authors: Zaksas, Daniel, Pasternak, Tatiana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Action Potentials - physiology; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain Mapping; Discrimination, Psychological - physiology; Distance Perception - physiology; Macaca mulatta; Male; Motion; Motion Perception - physiology; Neurons - physiology; Photic Stimulation - methods; Psychophysics; ROC Curve; Visual Cortex - cytology; Visual Fields - physiology; Visual Pathways - physiology
• ISSN: 0022-3077; 1522-1598
• DOI: 10.1152/jn.00505.2005

Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Brain and Cognitive Science and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York Submitted 16 May 2005; accepted in final form 18 August 2005 Neurons in cortical area MT have localized receptive fields (RF) representing the contralateral hemifield and play an important role in processing visual motion. We recorded the activity of these neurons during a behavioral task in which two monkeys were required to discriminate and remember visual motion presented in the ipsilateral hemifield. During the task, the monkeys viewed two stimuli, sample and test, separated by a brief delay and reported whether they contained motion in the same or in opposite directions. Fifty to 70% of MT neurons were activated by the motion stimuli presented in the ipsilateral hemifield at locations far removed from their classical receptive fields. These responses were in the form of excitation or suppression and were delayed relative to conventional MT responses. Both excitatory and suppressive responses were direction selective, but the nature and the time course of their directionality differed from the conventional excitatory responses recorded with stimuli in the RF. Direction selectivity of the excitatory remote response was transient and early, whereas the suppressive response developed later and persisted after stimulus offset. The presence or absence of these unusual responses on error trials, as well as their magnitude, was affected by the behavioral significance of stimuli used in the task. We hypothesize that these responses represent top-down signals from brain region(s) accessing information about stimuli in the entire visual field and about the behavioral state of the animal. The recruitment of neurons in the opposite hemisphere during processing of behaviorally relevant visual signals reveals a mechanism by which sensory processing can be affected by cognitive task demands. Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. Pasternak, Dept. of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Box 603, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642 (E-mail: tania{at}cvs.rochester.edu )