Molecular biology of glioblastoma: Classification and mutational locations

Glioblastomas are regarded as the most common malignant brain tumours with great morphological and genetical heterogeneity. They comprise 12% to 15% of all intracranial tumours, with its peak observed in the 8th decade of life. The five-year survival is only 5%. Primary glioblastomas are more common...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2017-09, Vol.67 (9), p.1410-1414
Main Authors: Soomro, Shahid Hussain, Ting, Li Rui, Qing, Yang Yi, Ren, Mingxin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Brain Neoplasms - classification
Brain Neoplasms - genetics
Brain Neoplasms - pathology
Brain tumors
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 - genetics
Diagnosis
DNA Methylation
DNA Modification Methylases - genetics
DNA Repair Enzymes - genetics
Gene expression
Gene mutation
Genes
Genes, erbB-1 - genetics
Genetic aspects
Glioblastoma - classification
Glioblastoma - genetics
Glioblastoma - pathology
Humans
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase - genetics
Loss of Heterozygosity
Molecular biology
Mutation
Promoter Regions, Genetic
PTEN Phosphohydrolase - genetics
Transcriptome
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - genetics
Tumor Suppressor Proteins - genetics
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Summary:Glioblastomas are regarded as the most common malignant brain tumours with great morphological and genetical heterogeneity. They comprise 12% to 15% of all intracranial tumours, with its peak observed in the 8th decade of life. The five-year survival is only 5%. Primary glioblastomas are more common in elders while secondary glioblastomas mostly involve younger people. Based upon gene expression profile, researchers have classified glioblastomas into several subtypes. Genetic mutations provide an advanced standard platform essential for diagnosis, therapeutic remedies and prognosis of glioblastomas. Common mutations observed in glioblastomas are loss of heterozygosity at 10q followed by epidermal growth factor receptor amplification (34%) and others. Vascular occlusion model and tumour stem cell model can explain the possible mechanism in glioblastomas pathogenesis. This review highlights glioblastomas' classifications, genetic mutations, pathogenesis and prognosis of different sub-types.
ISSN:0030-9982